Part 3 - Comparing the VO2max of athletes

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來自 University of Florida 的課程

The Science of Training Young Athletes

163 個評分

University of Florida

The Science of Training Young Athletes

163 個評分

Seventy percent of kids drop out of sports before their high school graduation. Only 15% leave because they feel they are not good enough. Almost 70% leave because they were not having fun, or due to problems with the coach. Injuries cause 30% to give up sports. This course is packed full of practical sports science information that provide youth coaches and parents with the practical pediatric sports science insights to successfully retain young athletes and develop their sport potential while avoiding injury and overtraining. We begin by examining the multidimensional nature of coaching, the relevant sport motor performance abilities, the impact of growth and development on motor skills, the gene versus practice controversy, and briefly overview the body structures strengthened through training. Then we explore the athlete's energy supply, where this energy comes from, and how it matures along with the athlete. Finally, we examine the development of strength, power, anaerobic capacity, coordination and flexibility through the life span. The optional text manual for this course is available at: http://www.learnitez.com/HighPerformanceScience/manuals/

從本節課中

Week 4: Enhancing the athlete’s physical work capacity

The level of expertise with which an athlete is able to perform sports skill depends on how well the coach molds the correct ratio of endurance, strength, power and speed to meet the demands of the sport. In this section you will learn the science behind developing these important motor performance abilities as the young athlete moves through puberty.

Part 1 - Introduction to aerobic capacity4:52

Part 2 - The VO2max test5:54

Part 3 - Comparing the VO2max of athletes6:05

Part 4 - Aerobic capacity of young athletes5:14

Part 5 - Relative VO2max of trained vs untrained children5:30

Part 6 - The child's economy3:36

Part 7 - Key points of aerobic capacity2:33

與講師見面

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

Now the question is how do you compare the VO2max of athletes?

Take a look at these two rowers, which one has the higher VO2max?

Now there are two ways to answer this question.

We can measure the total amount of oxygen the athlete uses in one minute.

And this is called the absolute oxygen consumption.

And is measured in liters per minute.

The problem with total oxygen consumption values

is that it's not possible to compare athletes to determine if

one has the superior aerobic development compared to the other.

The athlete with the higher muscle mass,

will usually have a higher absolute oxygen consumption.

Because more muscle mass is being used.

A better method is to compare how much oxygen

an athlete consumes per kilogram of body weight each minute.

And this is called relative oxygen consumption, and makes it possible

to compare the VO2max of athletes who have different levels of muscle mass.

So, this chart shows a comparison of the average relative

VO2max values for athletes who participate in a variety of sports.

Males are in blue and females are in pink.

Cross country skiers have the highest VO2max values.

And they're followed by marathon runners, and

then at the very bottom are the softball players who have the lowest VO2max values.

Now you might take some time to research the VO2max values for your sport.

This will provide you some idea

as to what size aerobic engines that you're dealing with.

The highest reported VO2max values in male runners have been recorded

by English runner Dave Bedford and Kenyan legend John Ngugi,

at 85 mls of oxygen/kg/minute.

Joan Benoit, who was the winner of the inaugural 1984 women's

Olympic marathon in Los Angeles has the highest recorded VO2max for

female runners at 79 ml/kg/min.

Scandinavian cross country skier Bjorn Daehlie has been measured at 93 ml/kg/min.

Now very, very few athletes have a VO2max over 90 ml/kg/min.

And yet Oskar Svendsen, also from Norway,

has reported to have the highest VO2max at 97.5 ml/kg/min.

Now, in contrast, the V02max values measured

in the healthy young male is usually between 45 and

55 mils/kg/minute, about 60% lower than in elite athletes.

Therefore, even in an average increase of 5 to 15% with very intensive training,

the average healthy person will never achieve VO2max values of elite athletes.

There is no question that a reasonably high aerobic capacity is important for

athletes in most sports.

However, movement economy helps athletes effectively use their aerobic capacity.

The economy of movement helps conserve precious oxygen.

It's a bit like driving a car that is not tuned properly, and

wondering why the mileage is well below what the car is supposed to achieve.

A more economical athlete will run faster using less oxygen and

will therefore be slower to fatigue.

A good example of the importance of movement economy in elite performance

is Steve Prefontaine who had a VO2max of 84.4 mils/kg/minute.

And Frank Shorter who had a VO2max of 71.3 mils/kg/minute.

Now these athletes differed by 16% in terms of their VO2max.

Yet their best 1 mile time or

1.6 kilometer time differed by less than 8 seconds, or 3.4%.

There was hardly any difference at all in their best 3 mile

time which is 4.8 kilometers.

The difference was only about 0.2 seconds.

Based on the VO2 mex Prefontaine should

have been better by at least 16% at all distances.

It's not uncommon for

athletes who have a similar VO2max value to have very different performances.

Keep in mind that a VO2max test provides just

one small piece of insight into the athlete's performance potential.

The test only lasts a few minutes, and

doesn't provide any indication at all of the athlete's fatigue resistance.

Athletes whose performances do not match their VO2max

are probably not moving economically.

They require more oxygen and will fatigue more quickly.

Or the may be mentally unprepared and have a very low fatigue resistance.

Or there may even be other factors involved that we don't even know about.

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