Congratulations, you've finished our course on business writing. After you finish David William's course, you'll have a chance to move into the capstone. We've created the capstone specifically as a place for you to solidify the tools and the skills that you've learned. You'll enter a global community of students that are in this MOOC that will support you and help you learn. The techniques that I've taught you here are easy. Remember, the trick isn't to learn them, the trick is to do the work to make them the habits of a lifetime. I can't help you with that, only you can decide to put in that kind of time and dedication. So what have you learned? Well, this is the conclusion so I guess I'd better conclude. Remember, we're always working on creating the best possible reading experience for our audience. And to do that, we have our ten best writing principles. Principle Number 1, clarity above all. This is the single most important point you can take away from this course. If you remember our window pane, you're ahead of the game. Your writing should be the transparent, crystal clear glass that lets your ideas shine through. How do we do that? With the other nine principles. Number 2, waste no time. Your audience is busy, like you. You must spend time to save them time. Simplify, design, organize and write. So that reading your document is easy for your audience. 3, be the authority. This breaks down into two parts. First, don't write to sound smart, write to be smart. If you write to sound smart, you'll overwrite. You'll obscure your ideas and irritate your reader. Don't make your document about your writing. Make your document about your ideas. Second, own your ideas. Be the authority. Believe in yourself, you deserve it. Wish your words from your writing and be the expert that you are and the expert that your audience want you to be. 4, design your document. Remember, before your audience reads a single, word they see what your document looks like. They make judgments about you based on how it looks. So use design to reinforce our goals of clarity and waste no time. And to reinforce your professional image. Use white space, short paragraphs, bold text, bullets, and typeface to enhance your message. 5, scaffold well to write well. Good writing without good organization is a waste of time. Follow the scaffold. Create a roadmap in your first paragraph. Use strong topic sentences, only discuss one idea per paragraph, and your conclusion, it only concludes. 6, good writing means good revision. Writing is revision. Great writers are great revisers. You have to put in the work to really polish your document. Write a draft and cut your word count by a third to a half. Recheck your scaffold. Cut generalities in favor of specifics. Edit for brevity and clarity. 7, write to your purpose. Dive right in. Your first sentence states your purpose and everything else that follows has to be in service to that purpose. 8, grammar matters. Grammar rules exist to enhance the reading experience for your audience. Their main purpose is to ramp up your clarity. To make a good impression, you really need to have good grammar. 9, activate your voice. Write in active voice whenever you can to add energy, excitement, and clarity to your writing. This is one of the best tricks you can do to craft better sentences. Don't forget to eliminate the verbs to be and to have. Cut propositional chains whenever you can to subtract words and add clarity. And finally, best writing practice Number 10, hack away at the unessential. Which brings us right back in the full circle to clarity. Always be as brief as possible. Do the work to write a shorter document rather than a longer one. Don't use three words where one will do. Cut everything that's not absolutely essential to the point that you need to make. That's it. That's the course on business rating. I'm going to hand our memo over to Dave now to design and you'll see the final version of my writing and Dave's design in the capstone. In the meantime, congratulations are definitely in order. You have the tools you need to become a great writer. Now, let's get to work polishing your design skills. I can't wait to see you in Dave's class.