[MUSIC] We finally reached the bottom of this tech technology and, I think you want me to tell you about a whole bunch of cool technologies and I'm going to give you something different. I'm going to be talking about Hype Cycles. So the notion of a Hype Cycle is that technologies generally follow over time a recurring pattern. You'll see on a left hand side Gartner which host these specific Hype Cycles. They call it the Innovation Trigger. You may call it the bright new shiny thing. And then it goes through the Peak of Expectation and then the Trough of the Disillusionment. And then finally people realize what the heck's really going on with it, how they really use it, you get into a Plateau of Productivity. So this is the Hype Cycle for health care providers. Can you locate electronic health records on this graph? And no surprise, it's at the bottom of Trough of Disillusionment. It's only because we know about Hype Cycles of technologies that those of us informatics are not totally depressed because we feel really, really bad that we've given and foisted upon clinicians all over the country, if not the world, technology that is actually working against their better interest. But we have hope that this technology, like all others before it, will rise again in some better form or some more reasonable way using it. So the left hand, the left most part of the screen is all the fun stuff. So blockchain was coming up. I suspect, by the time you're seeing this, blockchain will be at the top and by the time that this lecture series is of news, it'll be at the bottom, [LAUGH] In the Trough of Disillusionment. And let's just hope you won't have lost your investment too much. The left-hand side is always exciting to talk about. It's the middle and the right hand side that are really where you need to be thinking about and understand for your productive work over the next few years. I put Smart City Technologies for a couple reasons. Number one, [COUGH] We've talked before about population public health affecting normal health or clinical health, and vice versa. So as we think about social determinants of health, you need to know about technologies in the surrounding environment. Whether it's transportation, Internet of Things or other. I find it interesting that big data has already passed its Trough of Disillusionment and is rising up. I actually thought, I thought we were a little bit more to the left of that but, what do I know? And you see Internet of Things wearables, which was not just used for the Smart City but is actually used for health as well. Data science, machine learning has their own Hype Cycle. So for instance we discussed predictive analytics in knowledge. You can see that that's beginning to, [LAUGH] Drop down already towards the Trough of Disillusionment. So if I going to go through every single technology we'd be here for a long time which is why I leave a little bit more as an exercise for the student and for you to look up the specific technology that you might be interested in. So, the bottom line when it comes to the technologies on the one hand, don't stop think about tomorrow, the left hand side of the Hype Cycle because that's where all the excitement is, that's where the investments go. I know it's true a lot of work is needed but don't forget about the right hand side because that's where your patients today are living. And that's where we need to fix things today.