Aprenda sobre o processo de produção musical (inclusive sobre gravação, edição e mixagem) e conheça as ferramentas disponíveis para criação de música contemporânea no computador. Devido à recente disponibilidade de softwares e hardwares de alta qualidade e baixo custo, agora as ferramentas de produção musical estão ao alcance de todos. Os álbuns deixaram de ser criados apenas em estúdios, agora também são criados em quartos. À primeira vista, isso é libertador. Qualquer pessoa pode criar um álbum por um custo bem baixo, basta comprar alguns equipamentos e um pacote de software. Mas, se você for mais a fundo, verá que não é tão fácil assim. É preciso conhecimento, dedicação e criatividade para produzir música. Fornecer conhecimento é o propósito deste curso. Não importa o tipo de música que você está produzindo, há um grande conjunto de ferramentas que você precisará usar. Cada lição deste curso demonstrará um conjunto diferente de ferramentas de produção musical, seguindo vagamente o processo da produção musical de gravar, editar e mixar. Vamos começar com algumas noções sobre a natureza do som e como o percebemos. Em seguida, vamos analisar os componentes necessários para gravar áudio em um computador, para que você compreenda os dispositivos pelos quais o som precisa se deslocar em um processo de produção musical. Depois de gravado, o som precisa ser organizado em uma linha de tempo, um processo conhecido como edição. A edição nos permite dar a impressão de execuções perfeitas e criar muitos dos sons que ouvimos na música contemporânea. A ferramenta de edição contemporânea é a estação de trabalho de áudio digital (DAW, Digital Audio Workstation), um software que armazena e organiza todos os recursos de um projeto musical. Vamos focar as ferramentas de edição que são essenciais na produção de música contemporânea e que são fornecidas por todas as DAWs. Após a edição, os sons devem ser combinados ou mixados, por isso vamos analisar a mesa de mixagem, que pode ser um local muito criativo se você souber usá-la. Vamos explorar as funcionalidades básicas das mesas de mixagem em hardware e software, inclusive volume, panning, mudo, solo, barramentos, inserções, envios e submixagens. O processo de mixagem, no entanto, engloba mais ferramentas do que a mesa de mixagem fornece. O som também deve ser processado, ou seja, modificado de modo a fazer com que seu estado gravado se enquadre no contexto da música. Vamos analisar a compressão, a equalização e o retardo, além de examinar os muitos efeitos de áudio que são extensões desses dispositivos e como eles são usados em um contexto musical. No fim das contas, o processo de produção musical depende da sua criatividade. A criatividade é um produto da mente, e ela permanece armazenada ali, sem ser expressada, até que as ferramentas certas são usadas da maneira certa para compartilhá-la com o mundo. Se você tem uma ideia em mente, precisará passar por inúmeras etapas, cada uma com uma ferramenta importante, para chegar ao seu público. Traga a dedicação e criatividade para este curso, que ele fornecerá o conhecimento para fazer acontecer.
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來自 Berklee College of Music 的課程
A tecnologia da produção musical
20 個評分
從本節課中
O DAW
A ferramenta de edição contemporânea é a estação de trabalho de áudio digital (DAW, Digital Audio Workstation), um software que armazena e organiza todos os recursos de um projeto musical. Vamos focar as ferramentas de edição que são essenciais na produção de música contemporânea e que são fornecidas por todas as DAWs.
與講師見面
Loudon StearnsAssistant Professor
Contemporary Writing & Production
As you work with the DAW, you're not just creating a single file like a Word
document. Instead you are creating a folder that
includes the DAWs kind of proprietary file, and then a collection of assets.
And it'll change from DAW to DAW and how this exactly is kind of structured on
your hard drive. But there will always be some sort of
folder, inside of that will be the project file and then next to that will
be a folder structure that holds all of the assets.
As you start working the DAW, you'll see that more and more assets are created.
There'll be an audio files folder that will have a different audio file for
every time you hit record. and that, that may have a file structure
inside of that. And then you'll also see folders for
things like cross fades, for analysis files.
For undo history because you can re maintain an undo even if you close and
open the program often. and then different analysis files and
kind of intermediary files for when there is time stretching.
It's important, really, really important that you keep that whole file structure
together. Remember that your, your file is not just
an individual file, but a whole project folder.
So, I would take a moment to look back to one of your projects or to start a new
project and just to see how that project folder is maintained on your hard drive.
Now, this interaction many ways in that when you save, saving becomes a little
bit more of a complicated thing. And that there are two ways to save.
You can do a Save as. That creates just a new file, a new DAW
kind of proprietary file that references those same audio files.
Or you can save in a way that creates an entire new project folder and copies all
the necessary assets over. Hit Save As in your DAW and see what
those options are. It's really important that you understand
the difference because you can get into some sort of file management nightmares
if you're not careful. One of the worst things you can do is
save a project folder inside a project folder.
The DAW will have a hard time knowing which audio files are associated with the
project file. And you're just going to have a hard kind
of file management thing. It gets very confusing.
So you have to be very careful when you are creating a new project folder that
you put it in a new location and name it well.
With those two kinds of save as, there is different kind of, use, use cases for
them. If I had, if I'm saving the individual
just project file, that's great for creating a new version.
So say I was going to delete the chorus from my tune, kind of rearrange things.
I might just create a new project file and not the entire folder.
because that new project file would reference the same audio files.
I wouldn't be taking up more space on my hard drive.
And the save will go much quicker. And then I can try what I want, make the
big change. If I like it I can keep on going, if I
don't, or the next day I don't like the edit, I can go back to that previous
version. If I want to transmit the entire project
folder to someone else. If I want to sh, share this file with
someone else, it's best to create an entire new project folder that includes
all the necessary assets. So copying all that data into a new file
structure. Once you do that, you'll have a single
folder that you can then zip. Which is data compression and send us
someone else. And he'll, you'll be assured that that
other person will be able to playback everything.
If you were just to send them a project file, all of these audio files be missing
and they wouldn't be able to playback the file.
So it's very important that you're careful with your file management.
And that you know where things are being saved.
Remember that you're always going to be moving the entire project folder if you
want to share the folder with someone else.
And if you want to save a version you can just make the new project file.
But in general just don't mess with the file structure that it creates.
Leave things the way they are and you'll have a, you'll have a much better time
working with DAW. Some of the hardest problems are when
that DAW file gets taken out of the project folder.
That's when bad things tend to happen. I'd like to take a moment to show you the
file structure from a variety of DAW projects.
We'll start with Pro Tools and if I open up a Pro Tools project folder, you'll see
it does have the Pro Tools session file. That includes all of your audio clips, so
those are references to the audio files it includes the MIDI data.
All the global information like tempo all your automation, really the heart of the
session. But it does not include the audio Files
that are part of that session. Those exist in a separate folder which we
see right here. In this project folder, I was using
non-interleaved files. So you see we have a separate L and R for
every one of the stereo tracks. Not ideal, but we can still work with it.
We also see we have a Session file backups, which shows us previous projects
so we can kind of undo back to certain places.
And we have a Wave cache which stores kind of the visual overview of all the
waveforms in the project so things can play back smoothly.
If we look at a Logic project, we'll see something similar.
We have the Logic session files. Now, this project I did a Save as, and I
just saved a new project file, I didn't create a new project folder.
So, both of these project files will reference the same exact set of audio
files. And if I was to destructively change one
of these audio files, it would change in both of these project files.
We also see there's a project file backup, just like we had in ProTool, in
the ProTools file structure. If I look at a live project structure,
we'll see a similar thing, in that I have one or more of the logic set files, the
session files. And I have a samples folder, which is the
same thing as an audio files folder. Live organize the samples folder a little
differently, in that it has separate folders for how the files were recorded.
And along with each one of the audio files is an analysis file talking about
how it can be time stretched and manipulated.
So, we see that we have the same things no matter what the DAW.
There's an audio files or samples folder that includes all the samples.
There are analysis files which tell us how the samples have been manipulated.
And there's a session file which contains all the references to the audio files,
plus all the MIDI data and automation and global project information.
