2.3 Culture in Motion

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來自 University of Pennsylvania 的課程

The Power of Team Culture

142 個評分

University of Pennsylvania

The Power of Team Culture

142 個評分

課程 1（共 5 門，Specialization Culture-Driven Team Building）

Behind the success and failure of teams lies team culture. But what exactly is culture? How and why does it contribute to success and failure? In this course, you learn how to recognize aspects of team culture of which most people are typically unaware. It is often these seemingly unimportant aspects that have the greatest effect on the outcomes of group tasks. Your recognition of them enables you to form, join and lead teams more effectively. You also come to appreciate the role of ritual and symbols in the daily operation of teams, as well as in situations of change and crisis. Knowledge of the ideas and information in this class enables you to be a better team player and a more effective team leader.

從本節課中

Crossing Cultural Boundaries

Sometimes we must take a step back and view cultural differences from perspectives different from what we're used to. Cultural boundaries exist everywhere. Differences can be found within one culture as well. Have you ever considered that a smile isn't just a simple natural response? In this unit we delve deeper into culture and the differences amongst various cultures, including corporate culture.

2.1 Two Examples of Cultural Boundaries5:16

2.2 Why Police Boundaries4:26

2.3 Culture in Motion4:52

2.4 Golden Arches East4:20

2.5 The Art of Smiling5:32

2.6 The Right to Fire4:41

2.7 The Law of Jante5:16

2.8 Cultural Relativity and Ethnocentrism4:59

2.9 Avoid Stereotyping5:12

2.10 A Checklist of Little Differences for Business4:30

2.11 Gestures as Boundary Marker4:49

2.12 Corporate Personhood4:54

與講師見面

Greg Urban, Ph.D.
Professor
Anthropology

Let's try to make sense of some of these observations about boundaries from

the last two videos for the couple of diagrams.

Here is an attempt to diagram the element of dinner table culture Karen acquired.

In this diagram, A represents her family and B represents Karen.

The back and forth there was represent the social interactions through which Karen

acquires the element of culture under discussion.

The moi pattern in which in her family's version of Vietnamese custom,

people at the dinner table begin eating after the father,

the family patriarch invites them to eat.

Her acquired culture provides the basis for

our expectations when she interacts with her boyfriend's family.

Now let's take Karen out of her own family's context and

put her into her boyfriend's family.

Remember that the boyfriend's parents like her own parents are also from Vietnam.

So her expectations are that the interactions should

proceed in the same way they do in her own family.

She is expecting that everyone is invited to eat.

But the expectation on the part of the boyfriends father

is that she should be asking permission to eat.

There is a mini-boundary here and the clash of expectations is upsetting to her.

Notice that the same analysis could be given of my own experiences encountering

a different pattern of morning tooth brushing,

among some of my fellow college students.

While I didn't have an emotional response to the experience of the mini boundary,

it clearly made an impression on me.

Such boundaries potentially disrupt the smooth functioning of teams,

even if they didn't in my case.

Another observation.

Had Karen noticed the different pattern operative in her boyfriend's family, and

tried to conform to it.

This would be a situation in which culture moves across a boundary.

The same is true of my own experience of tooth brushing in college.

The final unit of this class will focus on the phenomenon of cultural emotion, and

I will try to tell you what I think I've learned about it in the course of my

research.

But the important takeaway here is that culture can move between people, but

that movement can also be resisted.

Now, let's look more closely at the situations in which a social boundary

exists.

A boundary that is actively policed.

A social boundary, as we are using that term, is an actual line and

physical space that is guarded.

I'm using the same diagram here as in the case of Karen's experience, or

of my own, but there is an important difference.

Well, maybe there are at least two important differences.

The first is that in the case of the museum or

movie theater, the movement is not resisted by the two actors.

If A represents the museum, or the movie theater, and B the potential museum or

moviegoer, A wants B to cross the boundary, and

interact with the culture starred in the museum or theater.

B wants to cross it as well in order to

access the culture present inside the museum or theater space.

In the case of the mini cultural boundaries the actors themselves

resist the movement of culture not here.

The desired result on both sides is one in which the interaction takes place

as in the bottom diagram in this slide.

The second key difference is that the physical boundary is there

before any interaction takes place.

Its purpose is to prevent that interaction.

Now we may ask.

Why prevent the interaction in the case the museum or movie theater.

The answer is on those cases usually

in order to be able to commoditized the culture and charge emission fees.

Of course the social boundary does not have to be present in order to make

a profit from it's crossing In the case of Boeing company's gape.

The boundary is there to genuinely prevent those who are not wanted from getting in.

Why?

To prevent the information contained inside the plant

from getting int he hands of competitors.

The social boundary is there to prevent the outflow of culture.

In the case of a national boundary, the matter is more complex.

It is generally there to prevent the culture inside the nation

from becoming disrupted.

And perhaps modified by too much interaction with those who do already

share that culture, prevents the culture from getting watered down or changed.

However we analyze the last case, boundaries whether of the actually

physically policed type or the merely resisted are about the motion of culture.

They're about channeling or controlling that motion.

We should keep this general principle in mind as we begin to examine cases

starting with the very next video.

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