2.2 Why Police Boundaries

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來自 University of Pennsylvania 的課程

The Power of Team Culture

117 個評分

University of Pennsylvania

The Power of Team Culture

117 個評分

課程 1（共 5 門，Specialization Culture-Driven Team Building）

Behind the success and failure of teams lies team culture. But what exactly is culture? How and why does it contribute to success and failure? In this course, you learn how to recognize aspects of team culture of which most people are typically unaware. It is often these seemingly unimportant aspects that have the greatest effect on the outcomes of group tasks. Your recognition of them enables you to form, join and lead teams more effectively. You also come to appreciate the role of ritual and symbols in the daily operation of teams, as well as in situations of change and crisis. Knowledge of the ideas and information in this class enables you to be a better team player and a more effective team leader.

從本節課中

Crossing Cultural Boundaries

Sometimes we must take a step back and view cultural differences from perspectives different from what we're used to. Cultural boundaries exist everywhere. Differences can be found within one culture as well. Have you ever considered that a smile isn't just a simple natural response? In this unit we delve deeper into culture and the differences amongst various cultures, including corporate culture.

2.1 Two Examples of Cultural Boundaries5:16

2.2 Why Police Boundaries4:26

2.3 Culture in Motion4:52

2.4 Golden Arches East4:20

2.5 The Art of Smiling5:32

2.6 The Right to Fire4:41

2.7 The Law of Jante5:16

2.8 Cultural Relativity and Ethnocentrism4:59

2.9 Avoid Stereotyping5:12

2.10 A Checklist of Little Differences for Business4:30

2.11 Gestures as Boundary Marker4:49

2.12 Corporate Personhood4:54

與講師見面

Greg Urban, Ph.D.
Professor
Anthropology

Now that you've had a couple of examples of

little cultural differences that could potentially matter to people,

let's take a step back and ask,

what are boundaries anyway?

If you've traveled between countries,

you might think of it in terms of lines and

physical space that are guarded on either side by people,

border guards, and these are indeed boundaries, typically cultural boundaries.

Their purpose is to control the movement of people in and out of a space.

In this course, when we're talking about

control of movement across physical boundaries in space,

we will call them social boundaries.

We'll see that social boundaries are a special case of cultural boundaries.

National boundaries aren't the only place where this kind

of overt social control of movement takes place.

Many and perhaps most business enterprises have a boundary that

someone who is not in a play or invited visitor is not permitted to cross.

This is true for example of the Boeing manufacturing facility,

not too far from where I live.

There is a guard booth and a gate.

You have to have the proper credentials in order for the guard to let you through.

We'll want to think more about why they exist.

But, one more example of a somewhat guarded boundary will help to shed light on this.

Think about a sports team.

One where maximal cooperation and coordination

among the team players is necessary for success,

like a soccer team or a basketball team.

Before the game starts,

it is typical for the team to meet and review

the strategy and tactics they have planned to win the game.

An important meeting usually also takes place at

the half time the halftime meeting is especially

important because the coaches and players have

the opportunity to assess how the strategies and tactics have been working.

Is the team winning or losing?

Do they need to change the strategy and tactics or to carry on as they have been?

Are there adjustments that need to be made?

Notice that the team has an interest in

the other team not knowing what their strategy will be.

They want to keep the other team guessing as much as possible.

They want their strategy and tactics not to

become freely floating culture accessible to everyone.

This might undercut their chances for success.

How do they prevent the other team from gaining access to their culture?

This socially transmitted set of strategies and tactics for the game.

They do it by guarding the boundary.

By for example, assembling in a locker room to which the other team has no direct access.

Imagine what it be like,

what it would be like were the coach to be giving instructions to the team members

while the other team's coaches and players were standing around listening in?

The other team could prepare themselves for whatever was being planned.

So a boundary in this last case is

necessary for keeping this aspect of the team internal culture,

the strategies and tactics for the game that day,

away from the other team.

This attempt to prevent the outward flow of culture

is also going on in the case of business enterprises.

Boeing for example, will have ways of doing things,

trade secrets they would prefer that other companies not know about.

Sometimes, of course, patrol boundaries are constructed to keep culture in.

Think for example of a museum or a movie theater that charges admissions.

They want people to come in and have access

to the culture whose flow they are controlling,

the museum objects or the movies,

but they want to be able to charge a fee for getting access to that culture.

A college or university that charges students tuition operates similarly.

So, we can think of a social boundary as one that controls the movement

of people since the movement of people affects who can interact with whom,

and since culture is transmitted through interaction,

social boundaries also affect the movement of culture.

In the next video,

we'll take a closer look at cultural motion.

Though that will really be the focus in Unit 4 of this class,

when we'll study cultural continuity and cultural change.

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