This second course of the Blockchain specialization will help you design, code, deploy and execute a smart contract – the computational element of the blockchain technology. Smart contracts allow for implementing user-defined operations of arbitrary complexity that are not possible through plain cryptocurrency protocols. They allow users to implement conditions, rules and policies of the domain applications. Smart contracts are a powerful feature that, when properly designed and coded, can result in autonomous, efficient and transparent systems. You will design and program smart contracts in Solidity language, test and deploy them in the Remix development environment, and invoke them from a simple web interface that Remix provides. This course features best practices for designing solutions with smart contracts using Solidity and Remix IDE. Main concepts are delivered through videos, demos and hands-on exercises.
Putting It All Together: Developing Smart Contracts
Loading...
來自 University at Buffalo 的課程
Smart Contracts
523 個評分
從本節課中
Putting it all Together
This module focuses on the development of the Ballot smart contract incrementally to illustrate various features including time dependencies, validation outside the function code using access modifiers, asserts and require declarations, and event logging.
與講師見面
Bina RamamurthyTeaching Professor
Computer Science and Engineering Department
We'll start this module with a discussion of a method for developing smart contracts.
Begin with a problem statement,
analyze the problem to come up with a basic design,
its state variables and functions,
recall our principle from the last lesson,
design first, represent the design using a class diagram.
Based on the problem statement,
define the visibility for the state variables and functions.
Based on the requirements,
define the access modifiers for the functions,
define validation for input variables of the functions,
define conditions that must hold true
on completion of critical operations within functions,
declaratively express the conditions that were
discovered in steps four to seven using access modifiers,
visibility modifiers require an assert classes.
We will use solidity language and remix IDE
to develop and test a smart contracts according to this method.
Upon completion of this module,
you will be able to apply the concepts learned in
the last two modules to write a smart contract,
analyze a problem statement to design and implement a smart contract,
program smart contracts using solidity language and remix IDE.
Incrementally, add features to the ballot smart contract code.
Let's review the ballot problem.
We'll use the ballot problem that is defined and solidity documentation.
This problem will be used as a base problem on which we'll develop our solution.
Recall that we discussed the ballot problem in the last module.
We have chosen a familiar problem so that we can
focus on designing and implementing the smart contract,
rather than spending time on explaining the problem that is unfamiliar to you.
Moreover, the concepts and the function used in
the solution can be easily adapted to any other problem.
Here is a formal problem statement for ballot.
Problem description, version one: An organization invites proposals for a project,
a chairperson organizes this process.
The number of proposals is specified at the time of creation of the smart contract.
The chairperson registers all the voters.
Voters including the chairperson vote on the proposal.
To make things interesting,
we've given a weight of two for
the chairperson's vote and a rate of one for the regular voter.
The winning proposal is determined and announced to the world.
We'll exclude the delegation of voting function that is
present in the current valid smart contract in solidity documentation,
we will not consider this function.
Let's perform an analysis to determine the state variables.
Let us now consider the data or state variables needed for the program.
Details of a proposal and the set of proposals
will keep track of only the proposal number and the vote for each proposal.
Auto details, the vantage of the vote,
one for the regular voter,
two for the chairperson.
Voted or not, and to what proposal number they voted.
Keep track of the addresses of the chairperson and other voters,
address of a voter will be used as a key to map to the details of the voter.
Major differences from the traditional object oriented analysis
is in the smart contract specific data types,
such as address and the message center.
Let us now discuss the functions.
The chairperson is the creator of the smart contract.
He or she will be the only person who can register the voters.
Here is a list of functions.
Constructor is a function that is called to create the smart contract.
In solidity, unlike a regular object oriented language,
there can be only one constructor.
Also, the constructor has the same name as a contract.
The sender of the message invoking the constructor is the chairperson.
The second function is the register function to register the voter.
Only the chairperson can register a voter.
The sender of the message for registration has to be the chairperson.
The third function is the vote function.
Voters including the chairperson.
can vote for a proposal.
The final function determines
the winning proposal and that can be called by client application.
Let's look at remix to explain the ballot version one.
Let's recap what we did in remix ballot version one.
Note that the visibility modifiers for the state variables and
the functions represent the details of a single voter using a struct.
Single proposal also using a struct possibly allowing for future expansion.
A mapping of voters,
mapping voter address, externally-owned accounts to voter details.
An array of proposals and a chairperson address are defined.
Also, review all the function.
Try it for yourself.
