Metalcrafts in Korea

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Science and Technology in the Silla Cultural Heritage

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Pohang University of Science and Technology

Science and Technology in the Silla Cultural Heritage

4 個評分

Science and Technology in the Silla Heritage The course explores the scientific and technological aspects of the cultural heritage of Silla, an ancient dynasty in Korea, and its relationship with other ancient civilizations in the world. The lecture series will cover major cultural heritage of Silla: Bulguksa, Seokguram, Cheomseongdae, Poseokjeong, the Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok, and metallurgy. Modern development in science and technology occurred mostly in the West. But during ancient times,various developments were madein science and technology in many countries outside of the West. In that sense, this series of lectures aims to obtain better understanding of the development in science and technology in the Silla dynasty through scientific and technological analysis of Silla cultural properties.

從本節課中

The Metalcrafts in Silla

The Birth of Metallurgy7:51

Metalcrafts in Korea7:44

Metallurgy in Silla10:32

與講師見面

YOUM, Young-il
Professor
Head of Pohang Research Institute of AI, Robort, Science and Technology
Im, Gyeong Soon
Professor
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Kim, Kang-Tae
Professor
Department of Mathematics
LEE, Chunghyoung
Professor
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences

So far, we reviewed

how metalworking started in the world.

Next, we will look at

the development of metalworking in Korea.

In the Korean Peninsula,

various metals such as bronze and iron

had been utilized from the early times.

The Bronze Age in Korea

started in the 10th century BC.

Many bronze artifacts were excavated

in Daegok-ri, Hwasun

and are now housed in the Gwangju National Museum.

Shown on the slide are

the bronze artifacts from Daegok-ri, Hwasun.

Bronze artifacts from the Bronze Age

were weapons, mostly for rituals.

Bronze daggers in the Bipa shape

constitute a major type of bronze artifact in Korea.

The daggers were not really used as weapons

but for rituals or as a symbol of power.

Numerous Bipa-shaped daggers

were found in the regions of Gojoseon.

Here, you can see

the Bipa-shaped daggers on the slide.

These bronze artifacts were excavated in vast areas

that extend from around the Liao River to Pyeongyang,

and from this

we can project the territories of Gojoseon.

Another major category of Korean Bronze Age artifacts

is that of bronze mirrors with fine linear patterns.

This bronze mirror is housed

in the museum at Soongsil University

and is estimated to date back to the 4th century BC.

The pattern on this mirror

is roughly 20 centimeters

and is made up of about 13,000 fine lines

which show amazing craftsmanship

of the Bronze Age.

From old times,

the Koreans were known

to be good with iron.

According to Chinese mythology,

the Koreans were the descendants of Chiwoo,

the god of war.

It is told that Chiwoo had a cooper head

and an iron forehead.

The Iron Age in Korea

started around the 4th century BC.

Iron artifacts have been found extensively

in the midstream and the northwest regions

of the Amnokgang River.

The major artifacts of the Iron Age

are ironware relics

found in Yongyeon-dong, Wiwon-gun, Pyeonganbuk-do.

In this region,

various iron weapons

such as axes, arrowheads, and spears were found

as well as iron farming tools

like sickles, semilunar knives,

hoes, and plowshares.

The picture on my left shows the iron artifacts

housed in the National Museum of Korea.

These iron artifacts

constitute important archaeological evidence

that shows how iron spread in Korea.

The ruling class of Baekje,

one of the three ancient kingdoms of Korea,

strengthened on the foundation of iron.

At Isonokami Shrine

in Nara, Japan,

there is a seven-branched sword called Chiljido.

The sword is 74.9 centimeters long

and is made of wrought iron

in the image of tree branches

and was probably used for rituals.

According to the 61-character inscription on the sword,

it was made by the Baekje people

at noon on May 16, 369

for the King of Japan

to pass down to future generations.

Chiljido is a valuable artifact

that shows how advanced Baekje metallurgy was.

The Gilt-bronze Incense Burner

made in the 6th or 7th century

is also a major bronze artifact of Baekje.

The bronze incense burner of Baekje

is shown on the slide.

Carved on the surface of the burner,

which was probably used for rituals, are

natural objects

and various animals

such as tigers, crocodiles, and elephants,

and images that show

the lives at the time.

Note that crocodiles and elephants

did not exist in Korea at that time.

This tells us

that the Baekje people had interactions with

people of many different far away regions.

In the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula,

a confederacy called Gaya had developed.

Gaya was also an iron kingdom.

According to ancient history texts of China.

Gaya made great profits using iron in trades

with places such as Mahan, Ye, and Japan.

The original meaning of Geumgwan Gaya

is “iron kingdom.”

From tombs of early Gaya,

bronze and iron artifacts in the Wiman Joseon style

were excavated and are now housed

in the Gimhae National Museum.

The helmet and the armor you see on the slide

are the artifacts in the Gimhae National Museum.

In Gaya regions,

diverse iron weapons were found

such as axes, spears,

arrowheads, swords, and helmets.

Moreover, the people of Gaya also made

iron farming equipment and tools

that significantly improved agricultural productivity.

From many historical sites of Gaya,

various agricultural equipment and cast iron tools

such as chisels, hammers,

hand knife, sickle,

flat axes, and iron cast axes

were excavated.

Farming equipment shown in the picture

are the relics in the Gimhae National Museum.

In Gaya,

there was an iron production site

for the full-scale production of ironware.

Excavated in Daho-ri, Changwon, Gyeongnam

were numerous flat iron axes

along with iron hammers

which was a blacksmithing tool.

By these artifacts,

we can tell that

this was an iron production site

that produced ironware in large quantities.

Another iron production site was discovered

near the Shell Mound in Seongsan, Changwon.

This also was a hub of iron production in Gaya.

And then,

the advanced metallurgy of Gaya

continued in Silla

after Gaya was annexed by Silla.

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