Introduction

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來自 University of Florida 的課程

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

29 個評分

University of Florida

Science of Training Young Athletes Part 2

29 個評分

In this course you will learn how to design the type of training that takes advantage of the plastic nature of the athlete’s body so you mold the right phenotype for a sport. We explore ways the muscular system can be designed to generate higher force and power and the type of training needed to mold the athlete's physical capacity so it meets the energy and biochemical demands of the sport. We also examine the cost of plasticity when it is carried beyond the ability of the body to adjust itself to meet the imposed training stresses. The cost of overextending plasticity comes in the form injuries and chronic fatigue. In essence, a coach can push the athlete’s body too far and it can fail. Upon completion of this course you will be able to assemble a scientifically sound annual training plan.

從本節課中

Sport specific strength and power

Training an athlete’s strength and power so it improves their sport performance is a challenging aspect of coaching. Here is the important knowledge you must have: First, you must understand the important terminology such as strength, torque, work and power. Second, you must be able to apply the principle of specificity and transfer of training effects to the athlete’s strength and power development. Third, you must know what peripheral structural adaptations and central adaptations you are trying to accomplish.

Introduction3:51

Two Approaches3:43

Relevant Muscle Groups4:55

Movement Time and RFD7:04

Type of Resistance5:13

Movement Velocity2:32

Force-Posture Interaction9:43

Movement Direction2:25

Estimating Rate of Force Development8:05

與講師見面

Dr. Chris Brooks
Instructor
Coaching Science Coordinator for USA Track and Field

In the previous lesson we examined how complicated it is to

describe the movement elements of a sports skill.

The same basic movement such as throwing can differ in terms of the force applied,

the work performed, the torque produced around the joints, and

the type of muscle action just to cite a few example.

And this makes it really difficult to select resistance training exercises that

will transfer relevant training effects to the athlete's sport performance so

that it improves.

Biological adaptations to sports training depends

on the muscles and organ systems recruited during the training session.

The more closely the movements in training mimic

those of the sport skill, the more likely the relevant adaptations will occur.

The principle of training specificity

is a key notion when designing an athlete's training program.

Training adaptations are tightly coupled to the mode,

frequency and duration of the exercise performed.

Specificity of training holds true for a wide variety of skills.

And this includes mental skills.

It includes physical skills.

It includes different kinds of movement patterns and

spatial tasks that demand the ability to recognize relationships among objects.

Manipulating a soccer ball or negotiating the ten hurdles in a hundred

meter hurdle sprint are examples of spatial tasks in sports.

Transfer of training to a sports performance

is rather similar to teaching a student how to add numbers together.

The success of the teaching approach is evaluated according to how

proficient the athlete becomes and adding any sequence of numbers together.

If the goal is for students to learn French, teaching them how to add

numbers together will not have any transfer effect whatsoever.

Learning how to add numbers together enhances the student's ability to add

numbers, but does nothing to improve their ability to speak French.

That is, there is no transfer of training.

Similarly, strength and power training is only effective if it transfers to

improving the athlete's ability to perform the movements of the sport skill.

So they provide the athlete a competitive advantage.

The following question then becomes very relevant.

What exercises at what volume and

intensity will directly contribute to a higher sport performance?

In this lesson we are going to examine strategies for applying the theory of

specificity to designing an athlete's strength and power training.

We examine the relevance of matching movement time and

rate of force development to that required by the sport's skill.

And, we address how to design resistance exercises to

maximize their specificity, and, therefore, their training effect.

So, let's get started.

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