4. Greek Myth in Etruria II

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來自 University of Arizona 的課程

Roman Art and Archaeology

305 個評分

University of Arizona

Roman Art and Archaeology

305 個評分

The objective of this course is to provide an overview of the culture of ancient Rome beginning about 1000 BCE and ending with the so-called "Fall of Rome". We will look at some of the key people who played a role in Rome, from the time of the kings through the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. We will also focus on the city of Rome itself, as well as Rome's expansion through Italy, the Mediterranean, and beyond.

從本節課中

The Early Romans and Their Ancestors (ca. 1000 - 500 BCE)

In the Early Iron Age (ca. 1000 BCE), civilization in Italy was rather simple. The most sophisticated cultures in the peninsula were not the Romans at all, but rather groups to the north of Rome who have come to be called The Villanovans, who exploited the metal resources of northern Italy even before the officially noted founding of Rome. Later the Etruscans would appear (ca. 800 BCE), Rome's first great rivals. The Etruscans were a loose confederation of city-states north of Rome who even expanded into Rome and further south, as far as Pompeii. The Etruscans are particularly noted for their magnificent art, in particular the glorious painted tombs of Tarquinia.

1. Greek Art in Etruria1:13

2. The Francois Vase4:40

3. Greek Myth in Etruria I1:05

4. Greek Myth in Etruria II4:51

5. Etruscan Belief2:48

6. Tomb of the Infernal Chariot4:55

7. The Necropolis at Orvieto I0:50

8. The Necropolis at Orvieto II4:01

9. Guest Lecture: Dr. Alba Frascarelli on Velzna8:57

10. Populonia I0:45

11. Populonia II4:47

12. The Etruscans in Rome0:39

13. The Early Roman Forum1:43

與講師見面

David Soren
Regents Professor of Classics and Anthropology
Classics and Anthropology

The most famous of all the Etruscan monsters that have come down to us

is the Chimera of Arezzo.

>> So this is the Chimera of Arezzo,

undoubtedly the most important piece of the Archaeological Museum in Florence.

One reason is because it is the only large bronze of

that age preserved intact until now, a great Etruscan bronze of course.

It is entirely Etruscan and dates between the end of the fifth and

the beginning of the fourth century B.C.

This was part of a group which must have been completed

by the figure of Bellerophon riding the horse Pegasus

circling over the chimera before killing it.

The goat's head is already fully reclined

therefore this part of the animal is already dead.

Because of a large wound oozing blood from the neck,

and there are other wounds on its legs.

Then this roar directed by the chimera

towards its attacker probably is the ultimate

defense against the one attacking it.

The inscription is on the right leg and says "TINSCVIL" meaning,

according to the most current reading,

"Holy object dedicated to Tinia." >> The most

popular image that is found on Etruscan sarcophagi, cinerary urns, and

wall painting, and sometimes on pottery, is actually the journey to the underworld.

And there is evidence that there was actually a multi-stage journey to

the underworld that started with a banquet and then the demon would meet

the deceased, take them to the underworld, they would maybe travel on a boat,

maybe fight off a sea monster or some other demon that's scary.

And then they would meet their ancestors at the gates

to the City of the Dead where they would have another banquet with their ancestors.

[MUSIC]

>> We are in front of one of the late sarcophagi from the so

this comes from Torre San Severo.

And it has a series of very interesting images carved

on this type of volcanic stone, which is the material that it is made out of.

On both sides of the sarcophagus we have a winged figure of a female demon.

She's holding in one hand a bearded snake and we can call her maybe a Vanth or

a Lasa, and she's approaching, both of them are tending to

the center of the sarcophagus, where we have a very well-built scene,

which is not as Etruscan as the demons that were on both sides.

This is more Greek connected because it is the sacrifice of the prisoners from

Troy in honor of the deceased Patroclus, who was the cousin and

lover of Achilles, who is performing the sacrifice right here in the middle.

And the scene is very familiar with other things that we've seen.

Also, it's truly alike the very famous Francois tomb where we have exactly

the same painting and where the artists of the Etruscans added what,

two demons on the back.

So there was some kind of things that they could follow, the main theme, and

then they were adding pieces that were more similar to

what was their idea of the general integration of the scene.

And as you see here, he is basically cutting the throat of this first prisoner,

and Patroclus on the back with a bandage that keeps his jaw in place,

he is already dead.

And on the same sarcophagus but on the other side,

we have again two demons on the far ends,

male in this case, probably it's Tuchulcha or Charun,

while in the middle we have another scene of sacrifice.

It's probably that's been sacrificed this time, and

Charun here is shown as usually as a bearded demon, pointed ears,

big huge nose and again a snake in his hand but

also his very regular weapon which is usually the hammer.

It is with this hammer that basically he is sure that the souls, the deceased

are really so, so they must be dead before he brings them to the underworld.

[NOISE]

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