2.1. Homotheticity and Ideographic Approach of Contemporary Psychodiagnostics

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來自 National Research Tomsk State University 的課程

Psychodiagnostics and Psychological Assessment

51 個評分

National Research Tomsk State University

Psychodiagnostics and Psychological Assessment

51 個評分

The course focuses on: • the formation of an adequate representation about the diversity of contemporary Psychodiagnostics and Assessment methods; • deep learning of the current world ethical standards of psychological diagnostics and assessment activity; • technology of test reliability determination that obtained by different Psychodiagnostics methods; • studying of classical and contemporary intellect diagnostic approaches, Psychodiagnostics of personality characteristics, talent potential and achievements potential of the person. The course will make it easy: 1. To master the technology of getting “informed consent” with a client about Psychodiagnostics and assessment procedure. 2. To assess the compliance of the proposed Psychodiagnostics programs with the final testing objectives. 3. To understand the variety of ways to assess different characteristics of a person. 4. To understand the possibilities of Psychodiagnostics of this or that characteristic of a person with use of various diagnostic techniques. 5. To be able to determine the level of reliability of the received diagnostic data. The course consists of 5 modules. Every module’s broken into 4-6 topics with some tasks and additional literature.

從本節課中

General Psychodiagnostics and Psychometriсs

This module content forms the basis of the professional competence of the practical psychologist. We will talk about tests reliability and validity. I hope that at the end of this module, you will understand that the psychodiagnostics is not only the traditional test with questions like "Are you afraid of the dark?" and two variants of answers "yes" and "no", but something else.

2.1. Homotheticity and Ideographic Approach of Contemporary Psychodiagnostics9:32

與講師見面

Валерия Николаевна Петрова
Кандидат психологических наук, доцент
Кафедра организационной психологии

[MUSIC]

Hello dear listeners of online course psychodiagnostics and

psychological assessment.

We are beginning to start in the second theme of our course.

In my very first lecture, I told you that this theme formed the basis

of professional competence of the practice psychologist and test user.

The issues that we focus on this part of the course are follows.

Classification of psychodiagnostics methods, the structure of

psychological test and the general principle of its developments.

Particular diagnostic test procedures,

rules of processing and interpretation of the results.

Basic characteristics and methods of determining the test reliability.

Well, in a way it will not be easy but it is necessary to press for

those who decide to learn to apply in their

practice psychodiagnostics techniques.

I know that many humanist and managers are not

too warm in their feelings towards mathematics.

However, I want to emphasize that according to the latest research,

mathematical skills are the backbone.

Therefore I allow myself to upgrade a bit these skills,

we won't count very much.

But please be ready to talk about computer statistical programs.

In my opinion you should not be afraid of them,

these programs can greatly simplify our lives.

As for the main theme of today's lecture,

particular emphasis should be made on a fact that if

you want to understand or person.

You have to appeal to the descriptive characteristics, and

if you want to improve your own opinion, argue a bunch of you,

then you will have to use quantitative indicators inevitably.

This allows you to compare the characteristics with each other.

Therefore, ladies and gentlemen.

So you already figure out that there are two groups of methods

in psychodiagnostics, standardized and non-standardized.

Standardized methods are implemented in the framework

of nomotheticy approach to psychodiagnostics.

Reasons the framework of this direction

the person is understand as a set of characteristics.

All people have these characteristics, also their severity is different.

For example, each person has a certain level of anxiety.

In some it is low, in this case we call them calm.

For others, the level can be medium or high.

The next feature, nomothetical approach operates in terms of bipolar scales.

Any sign is always a unique contrasts, for

example, the opposite of the meaning sweet is salty.

And the sign sour is not available in the picture of the world.

This approach has some limitations but it is necessary to solve

certain kinds of tasks, when the aim is to get clear and

unambiguous picture.

Standardized psychodiagnostics approach involve the use of measurement methods.

Precise tasting procedure when the process results are compared with a known.

This is one of our next topic.

As a result, the testee is compared with another people,

in the language of mathematics they are called the parent population.

In interpreting we compare the results

of particular testee with the results of other people.

And in most case we refer to the values obtained for one of the classes,

it is either low or medium or high values.

Explanation of the testee's results is carried out by specific profile

analysis that focuses on low and high values.

Non-standardized methods are refered in the ideographic approach.

In this case, we understand the person is a complete,

unique and unrepeatable system.

Accordingly, diagnostic processes focus on the search for

such human characteristics which are present only in him

and set to apart him from all other people.

For example If we deal with the problem of maladjustment

of a particular child in the school, we are not very interested

in how high his level of anxiety is.

It is much more important for us to understand exactly

what caused this anxiety.

Complete created relationships with classmates,

a few of teachers, a poor health of the child simply

cannot cope with the school loads or something else.

Therefore, the ideographic approach

operates in terms of unipolar scales.

They're measured from 0 to the maximum expression of a characteristics.

At the same time, the opposite pole in the sense of scale is missing.

In this approach, we apply techniques that are called expert or clinical.

They imply the activity of the testee

in the diagnostic procedure,

his ability to change the entire course of it.

From subject-object position in normal psychological approach,

we come to subject-subject position that later

obtained in such diagnostic have descriptive nature.

And their interpretation is based on intuition and

professional experience of the psychologist.

These methods are quite complicated to use and

require high level qualifications of specialist.

Nomothetical approach is widely used in research and

work with groups of people.

If you need to rank testees into some way,

separate them into groups to compare with each other.

The ideographic approach is most suitable for

individual work with the client.

Today we often talk about feasibility

of using Bohr's approach in complex

investigation, best regards.

[MUSIC]

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