[MUSIC] Hello dear listeners of online course psychodiagnostics and psychological assessment. We are beginning to start in the second theme of our course. In my very first lecture, I told you that this theme formed the basis of professional competence of the practice psychologist and test user. The issues that we focus on this part of the course are follows. Classification of psychodiagnostics methods, the structure of psychological test and the general principle of its developments. Particular diagnostic test procedures, rules of processing and interpretation of the results. Basic characteristics and methods of determining the test reliability. Well, in a way it will not be easy but it is necessary to press for those who decide to learn to apply in their practice psychodiagnostics techniques. I know that many humanist and managers are not too warm in their feelings towards mathematics. However, I want to emphasize that according to the latest research, mathematical skills are the backbone. Therefore I allow myself to upgrade a bit these skills, we won't count very much. But please be ready to talk about computer statistical programs. In my opinion you should not be afraid of them, these programs can greatly simplify our lives. As for the main theme of today's lecture, particular emphasis should be made on a fact that if you want to understand or person. You have to appeal to the descriptive characteristics, and if you want to improve your own opinion, argue a bunch of you, then you will have to use quantitative indicators inevitably. This allows you to compare the characteristics with each other. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen. So you already figure out that there are two groups of methods in psychodiagnostics, standardized and non-standardized. Standardized methods are implemented in the framework of nomotheticy approach to psychodiagnostics. Reasons the framework of this direction the person is understand as a set of characteristics. All people have these characteristics, also their severity is different. For example, each person has a certain level of anxiety. In some it is low, in this case we call them calm. For others, the level can be medium or high. The next feature, nomothetical approach operates in terms of bipolar scales. Any sign is always a unique contrasts, for example, the opposite of the meaning sweet is salty. And the sign sour is not available in the picture of the world. This approach has some limitations but it is necessary to solve certain kinds of tasks, when the aim is to get clear and unambiguous picture. Standardized psychodiagnostics approach involve the use of measurement methods. Precise tasting procedure when the process results are compared with a known. This is one of our next topic. As a result, the testee is compared with another people, in the language of mathematics they are called the parent population. In interpreting we compare the results of particular testee with the results of other people. And in most case we refer to the values obtained for one of the classes, it is either low or medium or high values. Explanation of the testee's results is carried out by specific profile analysis that focuses on low and high values. Non-standardized methods are refered in the ideographic approach. In this case, we understand the person is a complete, unique and unrepeatable system. Accordingly, diagnostic processes focus on the search for such human characteristics which are present only in him and set to apart him from all other people. For example If we deal with the problem of maladjustment of a particular child in the school, we are not very interested in how high his level of anxiety is. It is much more important for us to understand exactly what caused this anxiety. Complete created relationships with classmates, a few of teachers, a poor health of the child simply cannot cope with the school loads or something else. Therefore, the ideographic approach operates in terms of unipolar scales. They're measured from 0 to the maximum expression of a characteristics. At the same time, the opposite pole in the sense of scale is missing. In this approach, we apply techniques that are called expert or clinical. They imply the activity of the testee in the diagnostic procedure, his ability to change the entire course of it. From subject-object position in normal psychological approach, we come to subject-subject position that later obtained in such diagnostic have descriptive nature. And their interpretation is based on intuition and professional experience of the psychologist. These methods are quite complicated to use and require high level qualifications of specialist. Nomothetical approach is widely used in research and work with groups of people. If you need to rank testees into some way, separate them into groups to compare with each other. The ideographic approach is most suitable for individual work with the client. Today we often talk about feasibility of using Bohr's approach in complex investigation, best regards. [MUSIC]
