Social Policy in Russia

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來自 Saint Petersburg State University 的課程

Political Governance and Public Policy in Russia

29 個評分

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Saint Petersburg State University

Political Governance and Public Policy in Russia

29 個評分

The course is designed to study the features of the political structure of modern Russia. It contains both general information on the institutional, procedural and value components of the political system and public policy in Russia, as well as a description of the problems, contradictions and prospects for the political development of the country. The course contains three main modules: (1) the political system and regime in Russia: state institutions, political parties, civil society; (2) the public policy process in Russia: the mechanisms for elaborating, adopting and implementing policies and decisions; (3) directions and problems of economic and social policy in Russia: development based on stabilization. The course is aimed at those listeners who want to gain systematic knowledge of politics in Russia, as well as those who are focused on studying Russia's political development in complex and uncertain contexts. Studying the course students can choose the level of the course (general or in-depth), focusing on video material, information, discussions, forums, evaluations and interactive communication with teachers. The advanced level of the course development assumes the active participation of students in discussions, forums and project assignments. The overall mission of the course is to develop students' objective political knowledge about Russia and their ability to make critical scientific analysis and assessment.

從本節課中

Russian public policy and development

Three Models of Economic Growth and Russian Problem11:48

Social Policy in Russia10:45

與講師見面

Kirill A. Neverov
Candidate of Political Sciences
Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Governance
Leonid V. Smorgunov
Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Political Governance
Anna V. Volkova
Doctor of Political Science
Department of Political Governance
Aleksandr S. Sherstobitov
Candidate of Political Science
Department of Political Governance

The next point, this is social problems in Russia in context of inclusive development.

Although over the past 17 years,

significant growth has been achieved in the social sphere in terms of ages,

longevity, housing and others,

but the problems and challenges that are sensitive to Russia remain.

Russian public policy is confronted by

the many challenges that modernity pulls before it.

In this lecture, we will pay attention to the main challenges facing

crash of social policy as part of the public policy in country.

The challenges facing policy in Russia today are social stratification,

unemployment, poverty,

issues related to income distribution in society, population ages.

Let me pay your attention to some of the urgent problem in Russia.

And first urgent problem,

in the context of development of social policy is

the low level of real income of the population and most important,

income differentiation in the country.

In the first half on 2016,

20 percent of wealthiest citizens

owned 45.9 percent of the total income,

while a year before it was 45.7 percent.

The share of income owned by the 20 percent of

the least well off Russians on the contrary has

decreased from 5.7-5.6 percent.

The social stratification of the population in terms of income and wages

indicates a lack of fairness in distributive relations in our country.

The tendency of polarization of society by income level,

begin visible during the Perestroika and was

the result of market economy and budget reforms in 90's.

The modern period of history is marked with the trend of

the increasing concentration of income in the hands of the rich.

The Gini coefficient that measures inequality in the period of

1992-2012 has increased from 0.29-0.42,

indicated a tendency for gross indeed an even distribution of income.

In the first half of 2016,

the coefficient has increased to 0.399

compared with the 0.396 in the half of 2015.

Prior to this starting from the first half of 2013,

this indicates it has been decreasing for three years In the first quarter of 2016,

the Gini coefficient was 0.392.

This situation gives rice

to the phenomenon of existence of two Russia in one Russian society.

On the one hand, it is a well off majority

that includes economic and political elites and on other hand,

the poor majority which are separated by an invisible fence.

This division manifest itself not only through the different level of material security,

but also through the difference in values, motivation,

consumer preferences and demands.

Second problem, this is problem of unemployment.

Unemployment in Russia is still acute.

Although the overall unemployment rate is not so high.

In 2016, it has amounted to 5.5 percent,

in early 2017 to 5.6 percent,

but the difference in the regions is significant.

That's for example in the North Caucasus region it reached 30 percent.

For example the republic of Ingushetia,

while in St. Petersburg,

we have only 1.6 percent unemployed.

It should be taken into account that

the decline in unemployment rates that has been steady

since 2009 is not due to the employment of unemployed citizens,

but due to the reduction in the number of economically active population,

there is an increase in the number elderly people and young people

against the backdrop of a declining number of productive population.

Third problem, this is a problem of poverty.

Although since 2000 the number of people with

income below the subsistence level has decreased twofold,

their share remains large,

13.5 percent in 2016.

The official cost of living in Russia now was $160 per months.

This is approximately $5 dollars per day.

Poverty is characteristic of the population living in

small cities in rural areas and adding children under 16 years old.

It is important to note that more than 65 percent of the poor are economically active.

In recent years, the level of poverty has increased

which is associated with the crisis in economy of the country.

The government provides some assistance to the poor through subsidizing housing,

utilities, providing child benefits and maternity capital.

However, the poverty levels hinders economic and social development.

The stratification of society in terms of income

leads to deterioration in public health,

which influence their mortality rate especially in low income groups.

Higher rates of mortality and more morbidity of

the poor population are challenging for the Russian health care system.

And one of the most significant challenges in

Russia's social policy is the ever increasing level of population ageing.

The proportion of elderly: men from 60 years

and women from 55 years and older has increased from.

20 percent in 2006 to 24 percent in 2015.

The Economic Consequences of the aging of the population are obvious.

An increased burden on the working population and social benefits system.

And in the relation to debt,

they need to find ways to extend the employment age.

In this lecture, we have singled out

only the most importance challenges that Russian social policy faces.

As we have seen,

most of problem affecting the social policy in Russia are rooted in

a writable distribution of income among different strata of the population,

which is clearly visible when you look at the data.

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