Explore
For Enterprise
Join for Free
Log In

艺术与人文
商务
计算机科学
数据科学
信息技术
健康
数学和逻辑
个人发展
物理科学与工程
社会科学
语言学习
學位
證書

瀏覽 Coursera 的全部課程

瀏覽
搜索
企業版
登錄
免費加入

Meninges

Loading...

了解大脑：日常生活中的神经生物学

芝加哥大学

4.9（907 個評分） | 88K 名學生已註冊

Learn how the nervous system produces behavior, how we use our brain every day, and how neuroscience can explain the common problems afflicting people today. We will study functional human neuroanatomy and neuronal communication, and then use this information to understand how we perceive the outside world, move our bodies voluntarily, stay alive, and play well with others.

查看授課大綱

您將學習的技能

Brain, Neurological Disorders, Neurobiology, Neurology

審閱

4.9（907 個評分）

5 stars
811 ratings
4 stars
88 ratings
3 stars
5 ratings
2 stars
1 ratings
1 star
2 ratings

JK

May 29, 2017

The course is easy to understand while it has covered quite a lot of details on neurobiology. It is also inspiring to feel the Prof. Mason's love for the neurobiology through the course.

RM

May 29, 2017

This is a must-take course to learn about the self and the world around us as it relates to neurobiology. Professor Peggy Mason rocks. Very glad I opted for this class, learned so much!

從本節課中

The Nervous System

Neurobiology is a rapidly growing area of scientific research, and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the news and popular culture. In this course, we will study of the nervous system from a biological perspective by exploring the fundamental concepts in neurobiology, including how we sense the world, how we act in the world, and common neurological disorders.

Peripheral Diseases6:09

Brain Tumors5:46

教學方

Peggy Mason
Professor

腳本

[MUSIC]

So, we're going to talk now about the difference between

the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System.

There's a barrier,there's a fence, and that

fence is the demarcation between central and peripheral.

And that fence is made up of three

membranes, and those three membranes are the meninges.

There are three meningeal layers, and the three layers

go from very weak, very tender, the pia, to very

tough, the dura and, in between, there's a spidery

thing called the arachnoid, a spidery layer called the arachnoid.

So, let's just look at what that looks like.

We're only going to see the arachnoid in, in this next picture.

So here, this is the brain, and what's covering the brain here, up here

is pia and you can't see it, it's so thin, and so tender that we don't see it.

But in this view, the dura has been removed and now we're looking down on this

film, it's a, it's an actual membrane, and that membrane is the arachnoid.

So, the different meningeal layers have different purposes, different functions.

The dura is the, is a tough sack, and that is

what's going to keep us from having concussions all the time.

All right, so it's going to float our brain in in fluid

and prevent it from banging about, and, and actually getting bruised.

It takes a hard hit to actually injure the brain,

and hopefully we, we don't have, we don't incur that.

Okay, so the meninges go from, pia is closest to the central nervous

system, is closest to the brain and spinal cord, and then dura is farthest away.

And their, all the neurons, almost all of the neurons in the central nervous

system, 200 billion minus something less than

100,000 are contained completely within the central neurons.

The only neurons that leave the central nervous system,

are these neurons that, that serve a motor function.

They actually go out the meninges and they go into the periphery.

In the periphery, there's the peripheral nervous system,

and there's also every, the rest of the body.

So there are motor neurons, they go to skeletal muscle, the

voluntary muscle, so that we can move our arms and our legs.

And these are motor neurons.

And then there are Motor neurons that go to Autonomic Neurons that control our

glands, that controls the cardiac muscle, they control our gut, smooth muscle.

So for instance, these are going to be, these neurons are what is

going to be active when you see food and you start to salivate.

Well, somebody's got to tell that gland to start salivating and

it's the brain and it does it through this two neuron chain.

So, those are Autonomic Neurons.

In addition to the motor neurons that carry information from the

central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system, there are sensory neurons.

And these sensory neurons are peripheral.

They are located peripherally, and they

carry information into the central nervous system.

What you'll note is we call a neuron either

or sensorial or peripheral based on where the cell body

is not based on where its axon is or

its dendrites, but based on where the cell body is.

So these Peripheral Neurons include Sensory Neurons and

Autonomic Neurons, these are in the autonomic ganglia.

The consequence of that is that these neurons share vulnerabilities.

The, the, they share with each other but not with the central neurons.

So, for example, there's a disease called Congenital insensitivity to pain.

People with this disease suffered a mutation in

one of a number of developmental, developmentally important genes.

And what it did was it, it, prevented a group of sensory neurons

from developing, those sensory neurons that respond to injury.

So, these people are insensitive, they never

feel pain, because they can't, they don't have

the sensory neurons that will respond to noxious

stimulation which is what usually brings us pain.

But in addition, there's a group of

the Autonomic Neurons that also developmentally got

knocked out, and these are the neurons that lead you to be able to sweat.

And so, people with Congenital insensitivity to pa, to

pain often have what's called anhydrous, meaning they can't sweat.

Those seem like two completely weird symptoms to put

together, but they're not weird because they make complete sense.

Both of them are due to a

developmental abnormality in the peripheral nervous system.

So, in the next segment what we're going to do is, is look again, look a

little bit more closely at other diseases that preferentially affect either the

periphery or the central nervous system.

[MUSIC]

探索我們的目錄

免費加入並獲得個性化推薦、更新和優惠。

Coursera provides universal access to the world’s best education, partnering with top universities and organizations to offer courses online.

© 2019 Coursera Inc. 保留所有權利。

通過 App Store 下載

通過 Google Play 獲取

Coursera
關於
管理團隊
工作機會
目錄
證書
MasterTrack™ 證書
學位
企業版
政府版

社區
Learners
Partners
Developers
Beta Testers
Translators

連接
博客
Facebook
領英
Twitter
Instagram
YouTube
技術博客

更多
條款
隱私
幫助
內容訪問
媒體
聯繫我們
目錄
附屬公司