Are we also affected by other things? So I'm simply asking you, "Are we who we are? Are we what we ate or what your father ate?" So that's what happened to have examples like that. So this paper just came out last week. It's talking about male mice exposed to nicotine. In fact, what they find is that once they get exposed, their DNA has been changed in the sperm so that they can pass on to the next generation. So remind you, stop smoking. That's a non-smoking campus, alright? So because when you start smoking, it's going to change your DNA, even the sequence has still been changed. We call that epigenetics. And a lot of times, we have a tendency that, well, female, when you reach a certain age, giving birth is dangerous because there will be aberration of your chromosome organization and all these things. And therefore, actually, you may have children with congenital disease and that kind of thing. But don't think that male are exempted from it. If you drink, if you take smoking, it is going to be incorporated into your DNA and these kind of epigenetic changes on top of the DNA sequence can be transmitted. And the way that it's transmitted is not just about this pattern but also earlier there were studies showing that, in fact, what you eat is also important. If you're on a high-fat diet, it also affect the gene being expressed, so that some of this component in fact can be transmitted to the next generation, even though their DNA sequence has not been changed. So what it mean is that, hey, it seems that, this so-called program, everything simply so hot-wired, it is not really fixed. There's still a lot of things. Whatever you eat, whatever you drink, that is going to make a difference. So this is the point. So is your DNA defining your destiny? If it's not, what is? So that's my question. I continue to ask you. And we say that, in fact, you're not just controlled by what you drink and what you eat. It is also affected by some other things. So in fact, inside your gut, there are a whole bunch of other living things there, including the bacteria in it. And you may be surprised that in fact the number of bacterial cells in your body is way more than the cells that you have for yourself. Alright? So you know about that. So if that's the case, what happened? In fact, I think in the recent year that we did discover a lot of the times, whatever in your gut, whatever the bacterial composition in your gut, affect the manifestation of certain symptom, including autism. So what they find is that if sometimes it happen and I have a first-handed experience with cases like that. If you take antibiotics, purge all the bacteria in the body, and you will allow the bacterial community to be rebuilt, which will be different from what you were having, sometimes your behavior may be changed. Why? Because whatever you eat, your bacteria is capable of converting them into some metabolites, And these metabolites, sometimes they can go through the blood and even go through the blood-brain barrier to go to your brain and influence your behavior. So therefore, if you find somebody is too aggressive, I'm not suggesting you to try the experiment, give them some antibiotics. Maybe a few days later, they'll get a bit better. Now, with that, in fact, people even use it as a therapy when they find that there are some kids which are autistic. So what they do is that they try to purge all the bacteria inside, and they replace it with a different batch of bacteria, knowing that actually, they would have the proper metabolism so that they would influence the way that the neurotransmitters are being produced. So therefore, don't be surprised. In fact, this is something in practice, which is called stool transplantation. It's just like organ transplantation. When you have a damaged liver, you try to identify another one and you replace it. Now if your gut bacteria is too bad, try to purge it, and then you try to ask somebody who's healthy, "Can I borrow your gut bacteria and transplant it back into it, and then I can become better?" And people are using it to treat some of the disease. So that is something going on. So in that case, actually, who are you? You are not who you are. You're always making mistake. You're simply the DNA trying to utilize you as a vehicle to make more DNA, and you make mistakes all the time. And along the way, you basically you don't know no longer where you are going, and then you are controlled by all these bacteria inside you.
