7 - Difference between bitumen, cement and coal tar

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來自 École des Ponts ParisTech 的課程

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

99 個評分

École des Ponts ParisTech

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

99 個評分

During the four coming weeks, best experts in bitumen will bring you their knowledge and experience to build a strong understanding of today’s realities and new perspectives on the future of bitumen. Total is the European leader on bitumen markets. Innovation has always been the key to sustainability and durability in the products they develop. Their main objective here is to share technical knowledge and experience to insure bitumen are being used in the most effective and efficient ways for their different applications in road works. Ecole des Ponts, France oldest engineering school, remains very much in the present, as it has always been, in training engineers in order to meet the needs of our society and citizens in key areas such as transport housing and urban services, but also in fields like energy, environment, climate sciences, land-use planning and sustainable development. Nineteen world recognized experts on bitumen are contributing to this MOOC. The idea is to provide the broadest prism on this topic area with speakers coming from research, industry and end users.

從本節課中

Bitumen market, generalities, the manufacture of bitumen, transport, uses of bitumen, main developments and alternatives

Origins, history, definition, terminology | market per geographical areas, figures of consumption, main producers, capacities of production, ranking, main flows between areas | global development of motorised transport - cars, airplane - was one of the single most development of 20-21st centuries | global development of buidings, roofing and other applications of bitumen | difference between bitumen, cement and tar coal. Advantages and drawback of each | different ways of transport of bitumen and present the supply chain diagram and restrictions. ADR Regulation | sampling, handling and safety principles. Hazard from handling hot bitumen is thermal burns.

1- Bitumen: Origins, history, definition, terminology6:50

2 - Bitumen manufacturing process5:54

3 - Global bitumen market, main uses and development7:19

4 - Application in roads: global view7:43

5 - Interview of a toll motorway manager. Final customer expectations.5:41

6 - Industrial application: global view8:36

7 - Difference between bitumen, cement and coal tar6:33

8 - Transport of bitumen - ADR Regulation-8:12

9 - Sampling, handling and safety principles-4:26

與講師見面

Eric GOSSE
Vice Président
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Armel de la BOURDONNAYE
Directeur
ECOLE DES PONTS PARISTECH
Sophie LIMBORG
Mission Head
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Mike SOUTHERN
Director
Bituconsult LTD
Clémence QUEFFELEC
Assistant professor
CEISAM laboratory, University of Nantes, France
Gilles GAUTHIER
Technical and Product development manager
TOTAL BITUMEN
Olivier GAMET
Production Pilot
Supply department / TOTAL
John D'ANGELO
Chief Operating Officer
D’Angelo Consulting, LLC.
Gary SCHOFIELD
Technical Manager
Total Bitumen (UK)
Nicolas HAUTIERE
Project Director
IFSTTAR / COSYS Department
Frédéric ANDRZEJEWSKI
Expert bitumen industrial roofing activity
Jean Pascla PLANCHE
Vice President
Asphalt and Petroleum Technologies / Western Research Institute
Virginie MOUILLET
PhD, Senior Researcher, deputy head of chemical Unit
Regional Laboratory of Aix-en-Provence / Cerema Méditerranée
Hélène AZOULAY
Deputy Managing Director
PFC/Ecole des Ponts
Nadège VO VINH
Bitumen Shipping Manager
Supply International Bitumen / TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Cécile GIACOBI
Pavement expert
Vinci Autoroutes
Laurence LAPALU
Bitumen Group Manager
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES - Research Division
Yves BROSSEAUD
senior researcher - road materials expert - materials and Structures Department
IFSTTAR - Nantes - France
Emmanuel CHAILLEUX
Research Director
IFSTTAR
Jean-François CORTE
Member of the Council of Environment and Sustainable Development
French Ministry of Environment, Energy and Sea

Hello, my name is Gilles Gauthier.

I'm responsible for the technical coordination and product development

at TOTAL Bitumen.

I will now talk to you about two alternatives to bitumen in

the road construction industry:

tar and cement.

Let's start with tar.

There's often a lot of confusion in the public's mind between bitumen and tar.

Yet they're completely different materials.

As you know it by now,

bitumen is obtained from the distillation of crude oil. It is a petroleum product.

On the other hand, tar is obtained from the combustion of coal

in specific conditions of temperature and without oxygen.

In these conditions,

molecules of coal recombine into various hydrocarbon compounds.

The heavier fraction is a black and sticky residue called tar.

The mechanical properties of tar are very close to those of bitumen.

It has been used as a binder in road construction for

decades, just like bitumen.

For certain properties like fuel resistance, or

adhesion, tar is even superior to bitumen.

However, tar is extremely different from bitumen in terms of chemical composition.

The combustion of coal without oxygen induces the formation of specific

molecules called polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or PAHs.

PAHs are now well known to be carcinogenic.

And they can represent up to 20 to 30% in the composition of tar.

Now you understand why the use of tar in roads

has been banned in most regions in the world...

PAHs are also present in bitumen in extremely small quantities.

At this level they are not considered harmful.

In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or

IARC, reviewed all the studies made on bitumen in the last decades.

The conclusion was that no evidence of any link between the exposition to bitumen and

the formation of cancer could be established.

Bitumen and tar are truly different indeed,

and now you can help your family and friends to make the difference.

Now, lets talk about another material that is used to build roads: cement.

Cement is made out of crushed limestone. It is used as a binder, just like bitumen.

If you mix cement with water and

aggregates, you obtain a material called cement concrete.

Concrete is commonly used to build houses, buildings...But

it can also be used to build roads.

For this application it competes directly with bitumen. But

how do these materials compare in terms of performance?

In fact, the technical choice between bitumen and

concrete depends in which country you are.

In most countries, like France or

England, roads are constructed exclusively with bituminous materials.

But in other countries, like Austria, almost all roads are concrete roads.

In other places like the USA or Germany both techniques coexist.

Generally speaking

bitumen is more commonly used than concrete to build roads.

And especially to make the very surface of the pavement,

called the wearing course.

Bitumen does have a lot of technical advantages over concrete.

For example, the first is driving comfort:

Concrete pavements have very stiff and sensitive to cracking.

Transversal joints need to be cut to limit this cracking. And

frankly it is not comfortable to drive on those.

On the other hand, bituminous pavements are smooth and flexible

so it feels much more comfortable driving on bitumen.

The second advantage is noise:

The stiffness of concrete pavement makes them very noisy,

where the viscosity of bitumen has a damping effect that reduces noise.

And it is also possible to formulate special asphalt mixes

that are porous to make the pavement even quieter.

The third advantage is the overall life cycle cost.

Concrete pavements are slightly more expensive to construct.

then, they generally do not require any maintenance for

a very long time. But even that is not necessarily a good thing

because when it eventually fails, it must be fully demolished and

reconstructed from scratch, which is obviously very costly.

On the other hand, asphalt pavements can be maintained and

upgraded more easily all along its service life.

Concrete pavement are also sensitive to underdesign,

meaning that if the thickness of a concrete pavement is

only slightly less than it was designed to be, the pavement will fail prematurely.

The last argument is environmental.

The making of a concrete road consumes more energy and

releases more CO2 to the atmosphere than the construction of a bituminous pavement.

Especially when you consider that asphalt pavements can be 100% recycled.

To conclude this video, let me summary the essentials that you have to remember:

Coal tar is made from coal, but it is hazardous and

it is forbidden in more and more countries.

Cement is made from limestone,

it is used to build rigid structures and is bitumen's main competitor.

Bitumen is made from petroleum, and

is used to make flexible, easy maintenance roads.

Thank you for your attention.

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