2 - Bitumen manufacturing process

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來自 École des Ponts ParisTech 的課程

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

102 個評分

École des Ponts ParisTech

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

102 個評分

During the four coming weeks, best experts in bitumen will bring you their knowledge and experience to build a strong understanding of today’s realities and new perspectives on the future of bitumen. Total is the European leader on bitumen markets. Innovation has always been the key to sustainability and durability in the products they develop. Their main objective here is to share technical knowledge and experience to insure bitumen are being used in the most effective and efficient ways for their different applications in road works. Ecole des Ponts, France oldest engineering school, remains very much in the present, as it has always been, in training engineers in order to meet the needs of our society and citizens in key areas such as transport housing and urban services, but also in fields like energy, environment, climate sciences, land-use planning and sustainable development. Nineteen world recognized experts on bitumen are contributing to this MOOC. The idea is to provide the broadest prism on this topic area with speakers coming from research, industry and end users.

從本節課中

Bitumen market, generalities, the manufacture of bitumen, transport, uses of bitumen, main developments and alternatives

Origins, history, definition, terminology | market per geographical areas, figures of consumption, main producers, capacities of production, ranking, main flows between areas | global development of motorised transport - cars, airplane - was one of the single most development of 20-21st centuries | global development of buidings, roofing and other applications of bitumen | difference between bitumen, cement and tar coal. Advantages and drawback of each | different ways of transport of bitumen and present the supply chain diagram and restrictions. ADR Regulation | sampling, handling and safety principles. Hazard from handling hot bitumen is thermal burns.

1- Bitumen: Origins, history, definition, terminology6:50

2 - Bitumen manufacturing process5:54

3 - Global bitumen market, main uses and development7:19

4 - Application in roads: global view7:43

5 - Interview of a toll motorway manager. Final customer expectations.5:41

6 - Industrial application: global view8:36

7 - Difference between bitumen, cement and coal tar6:33

8 - Transport of bitumen - ADR Regulation-8:12

9 - Sampling, handling and safety principles-4:26

與講師見面

Eric GOSSE
Vice Président
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Armel de la BOURDONNAYE
Directeur
ECOLE DES PONTS PARISTECH
Sophie LIMBORG
Mission Head
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Mike SOUTHERN
Director
Bituconsult LTD
Clémence QUEFFELEC
Assistant professor
CEISAM laboratory, University of Nantes, France
Gilles GAUTHIER
Technical and Product development manager
TOTAL BITUMEN
Olivier GAMET
Production Pilot
Supply department / TOTAL
John D'ANGELO
Chief Operating Officer
D’Angelo Consulting, LLC.
Gary SCHOFIELD
Technical Manager
Total Bitumen (UK)
Nicolas HAUTIERE
Project Director
IFSTTAR / COSYS Department
Frédéric ANDRZEJEWSKI
Expert bitumen industrial roofing activity
Jean Pascla PLANCHE
Vice President
Asphalt and Petroleum Technologies / Western Research Institute
Virginie MOUILLET
PhD, Senior Researcher, deputy head of chemical Unit
Regional Laboratory of Aix-en-Provence / Cerema Méditerranée
Hélène AZOULAY
Deputy Managing Director
PFC/Ecole des Ponts
Nadège VO VINH
Bitumen Shipping Manager
Supply International Bitumen / TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Cécile GIACOBI
Pavement expert
Vinci Autoroutes
Laurence LAPALU
Bitumen Group Manager
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES - Research Division
Yves BROSSEAUD
senior researcher - road materials expert - materials and Structures Department
IFSTTAR - Nantes - France
Emmanuel CHAILLEUX
Research Director
IFSTTAR
Jean-François CORTE
Member of the Council of Environment and Sustainable Development
French Ministry of Environment, Energy and Sea

Hello I am Oliver Gamet, TOTAL representative working for Bitumen Supply.

This video summarizes the complete bitumen manufacturing process.

We will explore what's bitumen for,

refinery units to produce it, and bitumen downstream logistic.

Bitumen is very different from other products coming from crude oil.

It's not a heating or driving fuel designed to be used for less than one second.

It's the lonely one being a construction product that is designed to last over ten years.

Bitumen is a natural glue.

To be efficient it needs to fulfill several adequate ratios

Between different chemical families of heavy molecules.

The most important ratio is a limited range between the asphaltens, (that are the glue prone

molecules) and the aromatics (that dispers asphaltens), aromatics being in majority.

Due to the limited ratios between chemical molecules,

bitumen can only come from some selected crudes.

A rule of the thumb is that only high sulfur crudes can be used for bitumen :

The main reason is that sulfur is highly present in the asphaltens and

low sulfur crudes contain very few asphaltenes, so it's few sticky.

Because bitumen is made of heavy molecules (boiling over 500 Celsius

degrees) it's difficult to select, needing a deep fractionation in several stages :

Minimum atmospheric and vacuum distillation.

All bitumen is produced in a vacuum distillation unit, but

some retreated after (in three other units).

Crude oil is desalted and heated over 370 Celsius degrees.

Side productions are propane, butane, driving fuels like gasoline,

kerosene and diesel.

It's important to note that crudes selected to produce bitumen

put constraints on commercial driving fuels.

Sulfur constraint give a strong economical penalty to produce bitumen.

Atmospherical column bottom is reheated around 400

Celsius degrees to enter a vacuum column that is a liquid / gas separation.

We use a vacuum tower with low, or very low pressure because hydrocarbons

began cooking over 400 Celsius degrees whatever the pressure is.

But combining 400 Celsius degrees with low or very low pressure gives, without

cooking, an equivalent of 515 celsius degrees atmospherical distillation.

Vacuum bottom can be a soft or hard bitumen,

depending on the crude, VDU temperature, VDU vacuum, and other parameters.

Lead come to the three other possible additional units used to produce bitumen.

If vacuum bottom is a soft bitumen it can be desasphalted,

(removing oil in a liquid, liquid extraction at low temperature but high pressure).

With help of propane or butane to produce

desasphalted pitch that is a hard bitumen (because of high asphalten content).

If vacuum bottom is a soft or intermediate bitumen,

it can be blown (by air) in a blowing tower, to reticulate molecules

with the help of oxygen, building asphaltene-like molecules.

Note that by blowing, hardening effect is quicker on Ring and Ball than on penetration (PI index increase).

In the special case of feeding a very soft base, oxidized bitumen for

roofing can be obtained, but cannot be used for road application.

Marginal of bitumen quantities can come from a vis breaking unit that breaks a percentage

of vacuum into lighter molecules, and so reduce vacuum residue quantities.

Please note that bitumen classification will be explained later in this MOOC.

Keep only in mind that the smaller is the number, harder is the bitumen.

After getting soft and hard bitumen, there are two logistical possibilities.

First, produce finished bitumen by inline blending.

This saves tank then money but is more touchy because blended quality

can only be measured three hours later.

Second, minimum one tank per quality, and analyze before loading.

Less risk but more costly and less flexible.

Another fundamental point, bitumen is a very viscous product.

Optimal pumpability is got when the viscosity is not higher than

0.2 Pascal point second.

Storage temperature has to be in a range from 140 Celsius degrees,

(soft bitumen), to 200 (hard bitumen).

Keep in mind

too, that bitumen can not longer be pumped around 2 Pascal point seconds, and

there is only 40 degrees margin between 0.2 and 2 Pascal point seconds.

While a standard truck loses 10 to 15 degrees each 24 hours.

Meaning that you have to hurry to deliver to customers.

Remember bitumen key points.

Its a construction product.

It a glue of heavy molecules from selected high sulfur crudes.

Bitumen key production unit is vacuum distillation unit.

Additional units can be blown units, desasphalting units and visbreaking.

Bitumen has to be stored at a high temperature, allowing him to be under 0.2

Pascal point seconds.

Thank you for your attention.

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