16 - Viscosity based standards (ASTM D3381)

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來自 École des Ponts ParisTech 的課程

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

108 個評分

École des Ponts ParisTech

Mastering bitumen for better roads and innovative applications

108 個評分

During the four coming weeks, best experts in bitumen will bring you their knowledge and experience to build a strong understanding of today’s realities and new perspectives on the future of bitumen. Total is the European leader on bitumen markets. Innovation has always been the key to sustainability and durability in the products they develop. Their main objective here is to share technical knowledge and experience to insure bitumen are being used in the most effective and efficient ways for their different applications in road works. Ecole des Ponts, France oldest engineering school, remains very much in the present, as it has always been, in training engineers in order to meet the needs of our society and citizens in key areas such as transport housing and urban services, but also in fields like energy, environment, climate sciences, land-use planning and sustainable development. Nineteen world recognized experts on bitumen are contributing to this MOOC. The idea is to provide the broadest prism on this topic area with speakers coming from research, industry and end users.

從本節課中

Constitution, structure and characterization of bitumen - specifications-rheology

Schematic constitution and structure of bitumen, relationship between structure and rheology | Performance tests | Bitumen 3 states | Penetration test EN 1426 & Softening Point EN 142 | viscosity measurement EN 12596, EN 12595, Explanation of breaking point Fraass measurement EN 12593 | testing Binder after RTFOT, after RTFOT and PAV | Euopean specifications and process of revision | Viscosity based standards (ASTM D3381 | Deformation and flow. Elasticity, plasticity, visoc-elasticity. Newtonian, Non-Newtonian behaviour. Stress-strain response, shear modulus and phase angle. | Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) | Superpave specifications.

10 - Composition of bitumen8:07

11 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -1 - generalities6:12

12 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -2 - Penetrability & Softening Point7:06

13 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -3 - viscosity & breaking point Fraass6:57

14 - road-construction bitumens characteristics -4 - ageing12:25

15 - Bituminous product standards /Understanding European specifications and process for revision10:01

16 - Viscosity based standards (ASTM D3381)5:17

17 - Rheology of bitumens6:17

18 - Road-construction bitumens characteristics -5- Bending Beam Rheometer and Dynamic shear Rheometer and MSCRT7:43

19 - Superpave bitumen Specifications4:30

20 - Global view of bitumen products standards and development3:07

與講師見面

Eric GOSSE
Vice Président
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Armel de la BOURDONNAYE
Directeur
ECOLE DES PONTS PARISTECH
Sophie LIMBORG
Mission Head
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Mike SOUTHERN
Director
Bituconsult LTD
Clémence QUEFFELEC
Assistant professor
CEISAM laboratory, University of Nantes, France
Gilles GAUTHIER
Technical and Product development manager
TOTAL BITUMEN
Olivier GAMET
Production Pilot
Supply department / TOTAL
John D'ANGELO
Chief Operating Officer
D’Angelo Consulting, LLC.
Gary SCHOFIELD
Technical Manager
Total Bitumen (UK)
Nicolas HAUTIERE
Project Director
IFSTTAR / COSYS Department
Frédéric ANDRZEJEWSKI
Expert bitumen industrial roofing activity
Jean Pascla PLANCHE
Vice President
Asphalt and Petroleum Technologies / Western Research Institute
Virginie MOUILLET
PhD, Senior Researcher, deputy head of chemical Unit
Regional Laboratory of Aix-en-Provence / Cerema Méditerranée
Hélène AZOULAY
Deputy Managing Director
PFC/Ecole des Ponts
Nadège VO VINH
Bitumen Shipping Manager
Supply International Bitumen / TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES
Cécile GIACOBI
Pavement expert
Vinci Autoroutes
Laurence LAPALU
Bitumen Group Manager
TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES - Research Division
Yves BROSSEAUD
senior researcher - road materials expert - materials and Structures Department
IFSTTAR - Nantes - France
Emmanuel CHAILLEUX
Research Director
IFSTTAR
Jean-François CORTE
Member of the Council of Environment and Sustainable Development
French Ministry of Environment, Energy and Sea

[MUSIC]

Hello, my name is Gilles Gauthier.

I am responsible for the technical coordination and

product development at Total Bitumen.

You will now see a different grading system

based on the measurement of viscosity called the Viscosity Grading system.

Viscosity grade was developed in the early 1960s

In this new grading system, a scientific viscosity test replaced

the empirical penetration test as the key asphalt binder characterization.

The viscosity grade bitumens are specified by methods describing ASTM and

AASHTO standards.

For instance, an AC20 binder is a bitumen which

viscosity equals 2,000 poise at 60 degrees.

Viscosity is measured in poise.

The lower the number of poise, the lower the viscosity, and thus,

the more easily a substance flows.

This grading applied to original bitumen samples called AC grades,

or aged residue samples called AR grades.

The AR viscosity test is based on the viscosity of

aged residue from the rolling thin film oven test.

With AC grading, the asphalt binder is characterized by the properties

it possess before it undergoes the asphalt mix manufacturing process.

The AR grading system is an attempt to simulate asphalt binder properties after

is undergoes the typical asphalt manufacturing process and thus it should

be more representative on how asphalt binder behaves in asphalt pavements.

Original viscosity grades range from AC 2.5 to AC 40.

RTFO viscosity grades range from AR 1000 to AR 16,000.

It is up to the purchaser to specify the applicable table of limits.

Viscosity grading also quantifies the following asphalt binder characteristics.

Viscosity at 60 degrees, viscosity

at 135 degrees, needle penetration at 25 degrees,

flashpoint temperature, ductility at 25 degrees,

solubility in solvent, rolling thin oven test for

short term aging, followed by viscosity at 60 degrees and ductility at 25 degrees.

The viscosity grading system has certain advantages compared to the European

system.

Unlike penetration viscosity is a fundamental engineering parameter.

It also provides information on the consistency of

bitumen at three key temperatures.

25 degrees which is the approximate average ambient pavement temperature.

60 degrees which is the approximate maximal pavement surface temperature.

And 135 degrees which is the approximate asphalt mixing temperature.

These three measurements provide a feeling on the materials

temperature susceptibility.

Also, testing equipment and standards are widely available.

But this system also adds its downsides,

there is no assessment of the bitumen properties at low service temperature.

When using the AC grading system, thin film oven test residues,

viscosities can vary greatly within the same AC grade.

And finally, the testing is more expensive and

takes longer than the penetration test.

The viscosity grading system has been very widely used from the 1960s

to the 1990s, but has been replaced since then in most countries.

For instance it has been replaced in the United States by

the Superpave Performance Grading.

It is still enforced in some countries including India, Australia,

Latin America, and some countries in Africa like Ghana.

As a conclusion let's now summarize what we have learned about

the viscosity rating system for bitumen.

It is based on the measurement of a fundamental property,

which is viscosity at 60 degrees.

It is applied on original and RTFO aged bitumen, and

it is still used in many countries in the world.

Thank you for your attention.

[MUSIC]

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