The Persian Interests in the Hill Country

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The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem

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Tel Aviv University

The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem

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The destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the Babylonian Exile were a great catastrophe in the history of the Jewish Nation. What really happened during that dark, fateful age, and how did new opportunities arise from the ashes?

從本節課中

The restoration of Jerusalem in the early Persian Period

The last module of our course will deal with different aspects of the Persian period: the cult of Jerusalem, changes in Jerusalem's status, the Judahite diaspora, the fall of Babylon and much more. We hope you will enjoy this final module which closes the story of Jerusalem's fall and rise.

The Persian Interests in the Hill Country4:05

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Professor Oded Lipschits, Ph.D.
Director, Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology
Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Near Eastern Cultures

As demonstrated in the previous unit, the lack of local power

structures like the local kings, priesthood or the landed aristocracy.

In different provinces in the land of Israel at the end of the

sixth century BCE as the result of

the Assyrian and Babylonian destructions and deportations.

Along the coastal area the Achaemenides endowed the Phoenicians with the rights

to lead and develop the area in a very early stage of their rule there.

And, hence, the Phoenicians were the main factor behind

a very quick process of urbanization in all this area.

The nature of commerce is, of course, such that new social and economic

elites can develop very quickly. In the hill country the situation

was totally different, mainly because the agricultural economy and the

social, political and demographic conditions were not of the same kind.

Also the measure of the area's importance for the Archaemenid regime was much lower.

The Achaemenides, like the Babylonians that preceded them,

were interested in the continued existence of the

rural settlement in the hill country. It was an important source for

agricultural supply which was probably collected as tax and tribute.

Exactly the same situation existed in the area of

the Negev and the southern Shephelah as we can learn

from the many ostraca from the region, most of them

published in the last years and dated to the fourth

century BCE.

It looks like the Achaemenides had no interest in establishing urban centers in

the hill country and in creating new

social, political and economic local power structures.

They ruled over the hill country in a different way

than they ruled in the urban centers along the coast.

Along the main roads and in strategic points,

Achaemenid forts and administrative centers were built.

Garrison forces, mainly mercenaries, were stationed in the forts.

And different kinds of economic and administrative functionaries

were in the administrative centers where they managed

the different aspects of the province and were

responsible for collecting the taxes, preparing the Achaemenid expeditions,

and performing the orders of the central government.

Even when the Achaemenides had a specific commercial interest in the region,

such as the unique products in En-Gedi, they developed it as an isolated

imperial production center without any cooperation from the local population.

Around En-Gedi, for example, and along the ways that connected

it to the hill country, there is not

even one small settlement from the Persian Period.

What was the place of Jerusalem in this period for the Persian regime?

Was there any Achaemenid interest in changing the status of the city?

Building there a temple?

Building there a wall?

Encouraging the establishment of the urban society?

This will be the

subject of the next unit.

[MUSIC]

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