What is illicit trade? What are we talking about? Which reality lies behind this wording? Which consequences? How are we concerned? What can we do? What do we have to do both in our professional and personal lives? These are all questions among many others this MOOC aims to address with the participation of a few international key players in the countering of illicit trade. When asked, many people even when being themselves committed to address illicit trade had some difficulty to give a clear and concise definition while for others, for ordinary citizens, illicit trade is counterfeited written bags bought on the beach during holidays, are smuggled to West [inaudible] They purchased in an irregularly Core store. More seriously, Interpol defines it as the delivery of goods and services to consumers in violation of applicable laws. The modern economy offers multiple opportunities for such violations that range from the theft, to poisoning, through smuggling, counterfeiting, tax evasion, or bridging international environmental and social regulations like child labor. Illicit trade is both a disruptive economic activity that harms regular trade and a criminal one that has clear links to organized crime and terrorism. Before going farther, just listen how few key people representing values organizations see illicit trade. External question. I guess illicit trade is a very broad phenomenon and it's pretty hard to put one meaning from definition. Here at the OECD, we look at things from a multinational organizations prospective. So for us illicit trade is a global phenomenon that hits at hearts of modern knowledge base innovative economies. Well, illicit trade is all types of trade that violates laws, right? Either in one country or another or more globally. Intellectual property are rights that private companies and people have because they have created a patent, a trademark, a piece of work etc. Of course, the violation of intellectual property rights is a part of illicit trade, right? People violate trademarks. It's called counterfeiting. They violate patents, it's infringing products and you have to know that intellectual poverty requires a lot of investment, a lot of money, and when you steal intellectual property from someone, of course, the damage that you cause to that person is considerable. So illicit trade is protected species. It is fake products. It is sub-standard products and it is counterfeit. I think my definition of illicit trade is rather broad. I would say it's the unlawful practice or conduct relating to the manufacturer, the assembly, the distribution or the possession of goods which are prohibited or restricted or which are infringing intellectual property rights. I think that definition for me has to be broad in order that it captures the breadth of illicit trade and recognizes the convergence of crime types within the whole gambit of illicit trade.