Guest Lecture 2: Week 4

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來自 The Pennsylvania State University 的課程

Geodesign: Change Your World

19 個評分

The Pennsylvania State University

Geodesign: Change Your World

19 個評分

What happens when creativity and science come together? The power to design our world is unleashed, providing tools to inform choices about how we live! Geodesign is the glue—it’s a process that deploys creativity to connect information to people, using collaboration to better inform how we design our world. This course includes well-illustrated lectures by the instructor, but also guest lectures each week to ensure you are hearing a variety of viewpoints. Each week you will also be able to examine what geodesign is through interactive mapping that showcases real-word Case Study examples of geodesign from around the globe. As you move along in the course, you will discover the interrelationships of both the physical and human aspects that contribute to how geodesign strategies are composed. The course concludes with you outlining your own Geodesign Challenge, and receiving feedback about that from your peers.

從本節課中

Week 4: The Influence of Context

In this fourth week you will gain an understanding about the interrelationships of the physical and human aspects that contribute to how geodesign strategies are composed. Those physical and human aspects comprise the context for a geodesign challenge, so this lesson is titled "The Influence of Context." By the end of this lesson I hope you will recognize that through understanding the cultural and physical context of a place your geodesign team will be better equipped to propose sustainable solutions.

Main Lecture Week 49:18

Guest Lecture 1: Week 411:03

Guest Lecture 2: Week 43:45

與講師見面

Prof. Kelleann Foster
Director
Stuckeman School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture

Another really important thing that's fundamental to Geography is

the concept of scale.

And there are two major key concepts of scale that I want you to understand for

this class.

One is the concept of scale that probably popped into your mind immediately.

That you're just thinking over off the top of your head and that's map scale.

That's the ratio of the distance on the map to the real distance on the Earth.

So that could be one inch on the map equals 1,000 miles in the actual

planet, right?

And we get into some problems here with the language,

because cartographers, geographers talk about large scale, and small scale in

a way that probably differs than, than how you might refer to it yourself.

You might think of large scale meaning a continent or

a country and small scale meaning a little town.

That's how most people kind of refer to it in normal terms.

But in fact, large scale would be something like one to 1,000.

Where the fraction itself is bigger than small scale,

which would be one to ten million.

And a one to 1,000 map would be something like a neighborhood, so

zoomed way in on the Earth, right?

And a small scale map would be one to ten million, zoomed way out.

It might be a whole continent, like showing South America, for example.

That's one kind of scale.

The other kind of scale is a scale of analysis.

The specific geographic context used to understand a problem is what I'm

talking about here.

So that could be that you're looking at an analytical problem at the neighborhood,

the county, the state, the country, the continental level.

The planetary level, right, if you're looking at stuff in space, in general.

Space, outside space.

So, the scale of analysis really has more to do with what you need to know in order

to understand a problem, than it does with anything to do with the map scale itself.

You could have lots of different map scales used to explore a problem that

impacts the scale of analysis at a state or a country, right?

So those are the two major kinds of scale I want you to understand.

Another really important thing to consider is that scale matters.

Depending on the scale at which you analyze things,

you might be able to derive completely different results and

show people totally different maps.

In Geography we call this the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem or MAUP.

Which is also the, also the toughest Pictionary prompt ever and

the sound a cat makes before launching a hairball.

Let's look at an example.

This is a map showing solar potential, so, how possible would it be to and

sustainable would it be to put solar panels on your house, for

example, and recoup, recoup the cost.

This is from, from the National Renewable Energy Lab in the United States.

This shows state level data here, so we've got Texas all being excellent and

Oklahoma being excellent.

And even Florida is very good, which is kind of amazing.

because Florida is usually not very good at anything.

So this map's fine, right?

We can make a decision with it.

If I live in Nevada, I will just go ahead and buy some solar panels.

And if I live in let's say Washington state or Michigan,

I might as well just quit.

Well let's look at it at a county level.

It's the same data.

This is the same data that was used to make the state stuff.

I've got a totally different picture here, right?

Here's some counties for example, in South Carolina that looked pretty good.

There's one county that looks decent in in Montana.

Some of the counties in New Mexico are not in the perfect category, so

that's interesting.

And even Eastern Texas is only good.

So, what do we do with this stuff?

Well, let's look at another level.

This is what the original data was,

this is just gridded data that was developed by Enbrel in the first place

from which everything else in these maps have been derived.

And what you can see here is that there's places in Montana and

Southeastern Montana, for example, look pretty darn good.

But they get washed out when you try to average everything out by counties, and

then furthermore, when you try to average it all, all out by state.

So this is a good example about how scale matters in terms of how you can

make decisions in geography.

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