Hi, in this video, I'll be talking about citation of different types of media, film video and audio recordings, as well as Internet based resources. This video builds on previous videos from the various disciplinary consultants on citation formats. In this case, I think the humanities offers a kind of special opportunity to engage with art and popular culture within an academic mood. Not only are we exploring the tip of richness of culture for its own sake, but we're also able to look at the meaning and the place of these things within a broader contacts, like history and politics and economics and culture. A lot of us have come to use the Internet as a primary method of acquiring information and at least in initial steps even in conducting research and gathering data. So in this way, this video is hopefully offering some ways that the MLA Citation Systems allows us to incorporate non print media and Internet based resources into our work. There's some principles involved that help us to understand citation in what I think of a as a more general abstract sense. Although citations in general that can seem quite tedious, the attention to detail that they require is I think very useful in itself. Also on a broader level I think the way that we connect directly to the work of others is one of the hallmarks of academic writing that is engaged in through citations. So let's get started with some ways to cite films, movies and television. Here we have a couple of examples of ways to cite one of my favorite movies, Dr. Strangelove. The top one is a citation for the original film as it was released in 1964. So we begin with the title of the film which is italicized, just like we'd italicized the title of the book. And then we have a variety of types of information that we can include or not depending on whether we think it's relevant and whether it's available to us or not. In this case, I'm specifying the director of the film, Stanley Kubrick. The abbreviations are used within the citations themselves. That does get a little tricky but we'll go through some of the abbreviations at the end of the video. I'll have a couple of web links appropriately enough where you can find more resources in various details that I'll just be zipping through here in the video. Another abbreviation for movies and television and film is the performers that is usually the stars of a given program or film. Here Perf is the abbreviation and the actors of opted to lists are here. Columbia is the movie studio that released the film originally, and that's followed by the year of the original release. And finally, the format. So now secondly, I'm looking at a DVD version released in 2001 of the same film. So all of the information basically remains the same up until this point. The last part is specifying the studio that released the DVD version, the year they released it and of course, the format itself, the DVD. And thirdly, here I have a way to cite an episode of a television show. In this case, it's The Wire and I'm just seeing here small typo that I'll fix. Okay, so this is an episode of a TV show called The Wire, called Unto Others. It was included in a DVD that was released after the television show aired. Here are the writers of the television show, again another abbreviation that might be useful for different films and moving image media that you sight the director, usually important aspect. The studio who released it, in this case HBO home video and the year. Again the format, which I neglected to save in the original file but there you have it. Of course, my own specialty being music I encourage you to use sound recordings whenever they're useful. Here just a couple variations on ways to use them. So a classic way to do it to cite an entire album of music, here it is. Miles Davis's Kind of Blue album you would say it more less like a book. So the author in this case becomes the artist. The title is italicized just like a book and here like in the previous examples in the video here we have the label, Columbia, the year and the format. And now some variations with classical music, there are some slightly different conventions than from popular music and other types of music recordings. Here in the second example is a piece composed by Gustav Holst, so he's treated as the author last name, first name. The piece itself is called The Planets. And in this instance I'm citing a particular recording which is preformed by Andre Previn with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and this is the CD version on Telarc in 1990, and we have the format. So again, you see the consistency except like the films you can add performers and other types of information in the middle of the citation. If I'm citing a song, there's third instance, this is the group that made the song, so the artist name is Old and New Dreams. The song itself is Guinea, and the album is an eponymous as they say, is the name of the band. So it's italicized, but you'll notice that it's following the song. So this would be sort of analogous to the author of an article, the title of the article and a journal, the label of the album here, ECM, the year and the format. Again, I think you'll be seeing the pattern emerge now. And finally, another example but what I wanted to point out is just another type of format. Here we have an L.P. on top with the mouse Davis recording and of course, depending on the different types of formats you run into, some of them recent, some of them old, some of them obscure, some of them common place, the format is what matters here. There's a type of logic that I hope is emerging to the way you cite these things. Here, we'll start dealing with some ways to cite Internet, web and electronic resources. Firstly, here's the basic formatting. This is a sort of conceptual map, we start with editor, author or compiler if available. The name of a site, a version number if available and for better worst this days were seldom available. The name of an institution, organization, sponsor or something like it for a site, if available. Date of resource creation, if available. The medium of publication, usually we just say web, and the date of access. That would be, the date of access is the date that you got access to that resource. And finally, in the MLA format it's important to note that including a URL, that is the Internet address, it's optional. So if you are going to do so you use these brackets. Here, and follow it with a period but it is optional. Okay, so here's an example of from a blog there I've mentioned in other videos by a colleague of mine Wayneandwax.com since it has an author that's relatively simple. This is my access date, and the optional URL would go here. And here's an example of a way to cite a specific entry from that blog. This title songs as shared things was posted on the 30th of June 2009. So again, there's a basic format here and you include the types of information that you have access to and that you find appropriate and most important. In this case here, I included the URL. Some other issues to deal with regarding Internet resources. Here we have an article that was published in print by The Guardian Newspaper in the UK, but was also posted online. So here's the way to cite the online version. And it follows the same formatting that we saw a moment ago. Here is an article that I did in a journal that is published online, so again the same format except you see in this middle section of the citation. You follow a format that's typical for citing academic journals. One interesting detail is right in the middle here. The n.pag abbrevation, and I mention an the bottom here. There are several abbreviations that you can use for Internet citations depending on what information you may have or not have. No page is useful. A lot of Internet sites are not divided into pages. No author, sometimes they're anonymous or they're credited to institution of some kind. No publisher, so they may not have any type of formal publishing vehicle at all and no date. It's often hard to tell when a thing was posted online at all. So all of these abbreviations can be very useful within your citations. And finally here, a couple of next to us, per se. There are a couple of ways to save some types of digital files. First is an MP3 file, this is unfortunately not the best recording of this piece that I've ever heard but there you have it anyway. It's a pretty low quality MP3 file but it's out there. If that's what you're citing, there's a simple way to do it. Here is a PDF article by an artist and scholar named David Dunn. And here again you have all the basic elements. But the format is a PDF file and finally, you have a different type of audio file which is freely available. You have the username, so this is the identity of the person that posted the file. But technically they're not giving their proper name so you also say n.a., no author. This is the name of the file that they posted. It's an audio file. This is the site they posted it to. This is the date that they posted it. Here is information on the format of the file itself. It's a web resource and finally, I've included the URL, which again is optional in the MLA system. And finally, a lot of us can communicate directly with people who's words will be quite useful to us in our research. If I were for example to cite communication via email with a colleague of mine named Ali Neff here, I could put the subject line of the email inside the email as message to the author dated and tell you the format which was email. And here we have the way to site the Tweet the username and the proper name of Jessica, who is really known worthy DJ. Here another way to site online post with different sort. Here is a YouTube comment. Rthmjohn, so technically no author but their identified by a screen user name posted a wonderful charming comment on this YouTube video James Brown gives you dancing lessons highly recommended video, here is the date that they posted that comment. It's a web resource and this is my date of access to it. And finally, another way to cite a YouTube comment which can give you an interesting type of insight into people's thoughts. Except in this case, it was in Spanish and I could have translated it into English in my paper and specified that the translation was by me, the author. Web resource and again, my date of access. Okay, so I hope some of these things will be of use to you. There are an enormous amount of ways that we can incorporate all these kinds of resources into proper academic research and I hope you are able to take advantage of some of them. Thanks a lot. See you on the next video. Here on the screen you have links to some important resources that will have a lot more detail and variety of information that I can possibly give in a video. Thanks a lot.
