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來自 The University of Edinburgh 的課程

音乐理论基础

783 個評分

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The University of Edinburgh

音乐理论基础

783 個評分

This course will introduce students to the theory of music, providing them with the skills needed to read and write Western music notation, as well as to understand, analyse, and listen informedly. It will cover material such as pitches and scales, intervals, clefs, rhythm, form, meter, phrases and cadences, and basic harmony. This course covers the fundamentals of Western music theory, from the absolute basics to some more advanced concepts and, as such, is the perfect course for beginners and more experienced musicians alike. Follow us on twitter @musictheorymooc #edmusictheory

從本節課中

Harmony 2: Inversions, Cadences and Sequences

與講師見面

Dr Michael Edwards

Reid School of Music, ECA
Dr Zack Moir
Teaching Fellow
Reid School of Music, Edinburgh College of Art
Richard Worth

Edinburgh College of Art
Dr Nikki Moran

Reid School of Music, ECA
Dr John Philip Kitchen, MA BMus PhD FRCO LRAM

Reid School of Music
Eli Appleby-Donald

Edinburgh College of Art

[BLANK_AUDIO]

In music, we find that certain patterns of chords,

what we call chord progressions, recur frequently particularly at cadences.

And we remind ourselves, of course, of the commonest cadence, Ic V I.

[MUSIC]

>> Which sometimes, is, enhanced by, a

dominant seventh, on the the second last chord.

So we hear this.

[MUSIC]

>> So a seventh, is added to the dominant chord, which serves to

pull the music strongly towards the tonic, so it's a very strong

progression and gives a pleasing finality to the cadence.

You find in lots of music, for example the well

known carol, Hark the Herald Angel sing goes like this

[MUSIC]

>> Or Happy Birthday To You.

It goes like this.

[MUSIC]

And that's possibly the commonest of the cords progressions and cadences.

Another cadential progression which we often find in,

involves a different cord in the third to last

position instead of the one C, we find two B and often with a seventh added chord.

Let's stick to G-Major.

There G Major.

[MUSIC]

Chord two.

[MUSIC]

The supertonic sounds like that.

We add a seventh to it.

[MUSIC]

And then we put that in first inversion.

So, we rearrange the notes in this order.

[MUSIC].

And that's our third to last chord.

[MUSIC]

I'll just play that one once again.

[MUSIC]

In addition to these and other

cadential progressions, are recurrent patterns of chords.

We find chord sequences.

The most common of these sequences is called the

Circle of Fifths, which I think has already been mentioned.

And this is a very important particular pattern.

And it's found in 18th century music, by composers like Vivaldi, writing

in early 18th century Venice, but also in later music of all sorts.

The circle of fifths is so called because of the pattern

of notes in the bass going like this from C to F, B to

E, A to D, G to C, so you're going down fifths.

[MUSIC]

And if you put root position chords on top of that in

the context of the key of C, it would sound like this.

[MUSIC]

[I'll play that again.

[MUSIC]

Here we are in, the same thing in G,

circle of fifths in G, all root position chords.

[MUSIC]

Now let's here it with some real music.

I mentioned the composer Vivaldi.

Well, here's an example of a short piece

by Vivaldi from his Concerto Grosso Opus 3.

And he uses a circle of fifths, and it sounds like this.

[MUSIC]

And here's the music again.

[MUSIC]

You find exactly the same pattern of chords in the popular song, Autumn Leaves.

Again, all the chords are in root position.

This time, we're in G-Minor.

And it goes like this.

[MUSIC]

Here's the circle.

[MUSIC]

So far the circle of fifths we've had have been with chords in the root position.

But the circle of fifths also works with some of the cords in first inversion.

Here's G-Major.

[MUSIC]

G-Major again.

[MUSIC]

You don't see the pattern of fifths in the bass because some of the chords

are in the different inversion because the second

fourth and sixth chords are all first inversion.

But it's the same chords so instead of,

[MUSIC]

We have

[MUSIC]

And again, I'll play the whole thing.

[MUSIC]

And finally, the circle of fifths is

sometimes used to modulate to a different key.

Depending on how you arrange things, you can

actually use the circle of fifths to change key.

So for example, if we're in C-Major.

[MUSIC]

And we want to go to A-Minor, we might do this.

[MUSIC]

The all important G-Sharp,.

[MUSIC]

Which is the leading note of A-Minor, pulls us towards A-Minor but

we have the circle there in the bass, once again C-Major to A-Minor

[MUSIC]

>> Or, we might want to go to G-Major.

So, if we start again in C.

[MUSIC]

The important thing there, is that the first fifth is not perfect.

It doesn't go F, it doesn't go C, F.

It goes C, F Sharp, and that pulls around to G.

So, here we are, again.

C Major to G Major.

[MUSIC]

[BLANK_AUDIO]

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