Case Study: GermanWings Crash

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來自 University of Michigan 的課程

Data Science Ethics

40 個評分

University of Michigan

Data Science Ethics

40 個評分

What are the ethical considerations regarding the privacy and control of consumer information and big data, especially in the aftermath of recent large-scale data breaches? This course provides a framework to analyze these concerns as you examine the ethical and privacy implications of collecting and managing big data. Explore the broader impact of the data science field on modern society and the principles of fairness, accountability and transparency as you gain a deeper understanding of the importance of a shared set of ethical values. You will examine the need for voluntary disclosure when leveraging metadata to inform basic algorithms and/or complex artificial intelligence systems while also learning best practices for responsible data management, understanding the significance of the Fair Information Practices Principles Act and the laws concerning the "right to be forgotten." This course will help you answer questions such as who owns data, how do we value privacy, how to receive informed consent and what it means to be fair. Data scientists and anyone beginning to use or expand their use of data will benefit from this course. No particular previous knowledge needed.

從本節課中

Data Validity

Data validity is not a new concern. All too often, we see the inappropriate use of Data Science methods leading to erroneous conclusions. This module points out common errors, in language suited for a student with limited exposure to statistics. We'll focus on the notion of representative sample: opinionated customers, for example, are not necessarily representative of all customers.

Choice of Attributes and Measures6:12

Errors in Data Processing8:22

Errors in Model Design8:01

Managing Change5:18

Case Study: Three Blind Mice4:35

Case Study: Algorithms and Race3:44

Case Study: Algorithms in the Office3:18

Case Study: GermanWings Crash5:50

Case Study: Google Flu5:16

與講師見面

H.V. Jagadish
Bernard A Galler Collegiate Professor
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Andreas Lubitz crashed Germanwings Flight 9575 into the French Alps.

The initial findings indicate that Lubitz

practiced the crash during the flight

immediately preceding the one in which he crashed the plane.

Killing all 150 passengers aboard.

Lubitz crashed the jet on the next flight.

German police later discovered that he had researched

suicide methods and the locking mechanism of the cockpit door online.

The interim report also shows that air traffic control attempted to contact

Flight 9525 11 times on three different frequencies before it crashed.

Andreas Lubitz had severe psychological problems

and there is no question that he should not have been flying a plane that day.

There was a great deal of discussion in the press following the crash.

We need to have clear rules about those who provide this service.

Information with the competent authorities about the health,

as well as public security and protecting the patient.

Most of the other recommendations of the report also

deal with the mental health of pilots and how

to make sure that the mental health of pilots does

not become an issue for airline safety.

About how German privacy laws prevented

the airline from knowing about his mental condition.

That if only the privacy laws weren't so strict,

perhaps they would have known and perhaps he would not have been allowed to fly.

While it's true that he shouldn't have been allowed to fly.

Let's take a step back and look at what

the consequences are of having weakened privacy laws.

There are many professions where we wouldn't

want people who were in psychiatric difficulty to be at work.

You don't want a police officer who's having mental difficulties,

potentially armed, to be at work.

You wouldn't want your barber who's potentially holding a blade next to your face.

How are these people to be prevented from doing

their jobs when they're a danger to others,

while not intruding upon their lives in the ordinary course?

Systems are only as good as the data.

And if the data are of poor quality,

you're going to end up with poor results.

If the data that we have in any system is going to be used

for a certain purpose that is potentially harmful to the data provider,

then the data provider is incentivized to modify the data that is provided,

or to suppress certain data,

and the quality of the data will suffer.

If somebody is to seek medical treatment for a mental condition,

they need that guarantee of privacy so

that they can be open about their condition with their care provider.

If they're worried that discussing whatever

their mental situation might be can cause them to lose their job,

then they just won't do it.

Or they will do it outside the system.

And the consequences, many people who may have, for instance,

minor mental conditions that were easily treatable,

may end up not seeking treatment.

The quality of data would suffer.

And it isn't clear that we would actually be safer in terms

of having a guarantee that the pilots flying our planes were in good mental health.

So, how do we fix this problem?

Well, actually, in a parallel sort of situation we do have a fix.

So, we expect pilots flying airplanes not to be drunk.

And we expect that sobriety is tested for.

And indeed there is a process for

random spot checks of alcohol use by pilots when they show up to work.

Certainly, if somebody showed up to work,

and were behaving in a manner that suggested that they were drunk,

one would expect that coworkers would

refer them for additional testing before they could fly.

I believe that similar things could apply to the mental health situation.

There are pilots who have alcohol abuse problems.

These problems are dealt with and this is something

that they can put on their employment records,

that they can have in their medical records,

that they are able to get treatment and help,

to get past their alcohol problems,

and to become and remain productive members of society,

and to continue to fly planes,

as long as they're able to deal with

the problems at a time when they're not

flying and they're sober when they show up to fly.

I think that we should draw lessons from this kind of a separation between

what one does in terms of how

one helps somebody and how they get medical treatment in terms of privacy,

from how we test people,

to make sure that they're fit to do the jobs that they show up for.

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