Now, let's move to the second part of this week, which is devoted to the creative industries as political concept, which is very important because creative industries were born inside the political realm, which is different from the cultural industries because the idea of cultural industry and cultural industries was born inside the academic realm. First of all, we'll speak about creative industries and creative economy as political idea, where first it was used, it was implemented. And, of course, this is the idea of the New Labour Party under Tony Blair's government in UK, and this new Labour Party implemented this idea to boost economic development without significant economic growth. So they're trying to explain the absence of the economic growth by the structural change, structural shift of the economy to a well creative economy. So even if we don't considerably increase the growth of economy, we contribute to the positive economic change by revising the nature of the economy because economy is moving from the previous industrial information economy toward creative economy, which is very good because in the future, it will probably completely shift the way of work, the way of their labor, will completely change the landscape of the economy. So this is the political idea of course. And starting from mid-2000s, we can see the introduction of different programs over the so-called creative economy development or creative industries development. There were initiated by different governments. It could be program in field of general economic growth, such as program of creative economy in general, for example, or a program of so-called digital economy right now for example. It could be a field of cultural heritage, an idea of creative spaces, creative monuments, creative clusters et cetera to the field of cultural industries. So the governments implementing a particular programs which are oriented toward creative economy but the core field of policy is more or less the cultural industries or creative theater, audiovisual creativity, user's creativity et cetera. You could also there programs in fields of art, such as creative museums, creative art, digital art et cetera. And, finally, a very large field of urban development and urban planning programs, such as creative clusters, creative cities et cetera. And, of course, it creates a lot of confusions in statistics because in different countries it's estimated differently, it's measured differently because, for example, in some countries, it's quite difficult to separate architecture as a separate field from the building and we understand perfectly that they will say the real volume of the building as an economic domain is much more larger, bigger than they're part of what we call architecture because architecture is just the basics for any building project for any development project. Of course, it created a lot of international program also. In Europe, we can refer here to the European governments green paper on creative economy, unlocking the potential of culture and creative industries, which are pointing out the idea of generating new experience. So creative is something which is generating, inventing new social experience. But the core idea that creativity is a driver of economic innovation is still here. Another is, of course, the UNESCO creativity economy program, which is oriented towards sustainable development and creativity as a driver of such sustainable development. So the idea that creativity is something which will help a society to solve a lot of problems, to solve our problems since sustainable development in green policies in smart urban planning et ceter et cetera. So and focus here is done on cities or urban development and program creative cities. We know the notion of creative cities program in UNESCO. So and three domains of actions was distinguished by this UNESCO program. First of all, domain over the development of cultural expression. So, we need to develop the cultural expression of people because it's empowering particular social groups. So cultural expression, so the ability of people to express their idea by cultural means, by cultural forms, by symbolic forms will empower such social groups, empower deprived social groups, make them more visible and probably will improve their quality of life. The second domain of action is the tangible and intangible cultural heritage, memories forming sustainable relationships. Because in cultural heritage is considered as the main cultural identity including global cultural identity, which is very broad idea. So this idea of development of cultural heritage, which is the one of the foundation of what we call the cultural code of a particular nation. And, finally, the third is the domain of urban planning and innovation, influencing the capacity of people to create. So the idea, which is based on also concept which also could be criticized, the idea that if you would like to inside the people to create, to innovate, you should build creative houses. You should create new projects and renovate the urban planning. You should create new urban spaces et cetera because it will create a kind of environment, where people would like to innovate. Of course, nobody explained why inside such building people will innovate more than inside old buildings. But it's one of the ideological dimension over these programs. Of course, it means that this doctrine of creativity could be considered as the ideology or ideology of the so-called digital age if you will use the term of Philip Schlesinger, one of the British scholar. So it's probably the attempt to rationalize interdepartment cooperation. So to make effective the flow of business intelligence, to encourage the networking, to bring together dispersed creative clusters and foster talent. So the idea that if you want creativity, it's something which connects culture and culture policy with economic policy in general, which is much more broader felt. And since the economic policy doesn't move in a particular field, we will probably include the culture inside this economic policy and saying, yes, actual economic policies, the creative economic policy orient toward the development of creativeness of people et cetera.
