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Last time we started looking at the different components of the income
statement.
We covered items like EBITDA and EBIT.
In this video,
we will complete the remaining items on the income statement and also define
other profit measures that we will typically observe on an income statement.
We will also cover how the income statement and balance sheet are link.
We calculated Amazon's EBITDA to be $8.48 billion at the end of 2015,
and it's EBIT to be $2.233 billion.
The next step is to adjust for any interest income and expenses.
Remember at the top of income statement only revenues of operation are reported.
But the company owns an income from investing some of their capital in short
to medium term investments that be interest periodically.
This is recorded as interest income and is adding to the company's EBIT.
For Amazon interest income in 2015 was $0.05 billion.
Similarly a company pays interest on monies borrowed from various sources.
This is deducted from EBIT, Amazon had an interest expense of $0.46 billion in 2015.
It also incurred other non operating expenses of $0.26 billion in 2015,
adding the income interest of 0.05 billion.
Two, and subtracting the interest expense of 0.46 billion and
other nonoperating expenses from the EBIT of $2.24 billion.
Gives us Amazon's earnings before tax refered to as EBT to be $1.57 billion.
Another expense on the income statement are those that are unusual or infrequent.
Until recently,
they were recognized as extraordinary items on the income statement.
After a recent rule change,
they do not have to be separately as extraordinary items.
But still have to be reported as revenue or expense,
as the case may be on the income statement.
An example of an extraordinary event is loss of inventory
because of a fire in the warehouse.
This would be reported as losses due to a fire in the warehouse on the income
statement.
In 2015, Amazon did not have any such extraordinary items.
The last part of the income statement is corporate taxes that a company must pay.
This depends on what the tax rate for the company is.
Total tax obligations for Amazon 2015 was $0.95 billion.
After subtracting these taxes,
a net equity method of investment activity of $0.02 billion.
Amazon's net income on earnings after tax or profit after tax was $0.60 billion.
The net income is also referred to as the bottom line as it is the last line in
the income statement.
It represents the profits net of all expenses incurred during the year.
The net income represents the total profits of the company.
The income statement usually also reports earning per share referred to as EPS.
The EPS tells us how much profit the company has made for
every share in the company.
There are two types of EPS usually reported on the income statement,
basic and diluted EPS.
Basic EPS is based on the number of shares the company has actually sold.
Amazon's income statement states that reduces 467 million shares
outstanding to complete the basic EPS.
Dividing the net income of $0.60 billion by the 467
million shares outstanding gives us a basic EPS of $1.28 per share.
A company makes a number of stock awards.
For example, a company includes the employees stock options as part
of its employees compensation.
This allow employees to buy the company shares at a later date.
Diluted EPS is computed as of the impact of such
purchases by employees as included in the number of shares outstanding.
Amazon's income statement reports that the number of shares outstanding used to
compute a diluted EPS is $477 million.
This means that Amazon has stock awards for
10 million shares that they had to be converted to stocks.
Dividing the net income of $0.60 billion by 477 million shares,
yields are diluted EPS of $1.25 per share.
An investor would prefer that the difference between basic and
diluted EPS not be very large.
And the difference is very large, it signifies that there may be a potentially
large dilution in ownership stake in the future.
A smaller difference signifies that the dilution in ownership stake
may not be very large.
Lastly, we look at how a company's net income is reported on the balance sheet.
Common shareholders are the owners of the company, but
are also the last claimants to a company's profits.
They're referred to as residual claimers.
The EPS represents what shareholders could potentially get.
In Amazon's case, the basic EPS of $1.28 per share says that each
shareholder is eligible to earn $1.28 for every share she owns.
However in most cases, a company will not pay its entire EPS to shareholders,
as it may want to retain some of its earnings for future investments.
In fact, a number of high tech companies do not pay any dividend at all,
as they preferred to written profits for future investments.
Amazon is one such company, in case the company pays any dividends,
the defense will do its net income and
dividends paid out to shareholders as referred to as retained earnings.
This retained earnings is aggregated or
accumulated on the balance sheet every year under shareholders' equity.
As a company makes profits every year and retains at least some of its earnings,
shareholders' equity will keep growing on the balance sheet.
This brings us to the end of the income statement.
Next time, we will start looking at the statement of cash flows,
and how it is different from the income statement.
In this video, we will start discussing the statement of cash flows.
We will start by discussing the need for it and
how it is different from the income statement.
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