Accessible navigation outside a building includes all surfaces on which we walk, such as footpaths or pavement. Depending on the venue, this is the way, for example from the bus stop, the parking facilities or public space to the main entrance of the venue. Navigation is accessible if it fulfills the FFZ requirement. The first F stands for free passage, the second F for flat surface and Z stands for zero barriers. The ways should have sufficient width and height and be free of obstacles. For example, if people want to go from point A to point B, they need enough space to pass each other easily. It is recommended that paths outside the building should be at least 120 to 180 cm wide. Narrow paths should always have a minimum width of 90 cm. Signage, flags or other overhanging stuff should allow for a free height of 210 to 230 cm. A surface needs to be flat or slightly sloping. It should be continuously paved and safe, also in wet or frozen conditions. Therefore, it is essential to use of slip-resistant material for the pavement. A lot of accidents are caused by small level differences. Therefore, zero barriers means to avoid all obstacles on a path. Even the smallest gap can cause problems: a white cane can get stuck, just like high-heeled shoes. As mentioned before, pathways should be flat or slightly sloping, not exceeding a gradient of 2%. Even a gradient of 4 to 6% might require additional physical effort to go up a path. For example, when you push a baby stroller. You can even feel the gradient when your body is tilting to one side. Sometimes a footpath and a building are on different levels. Therefore, some buildings have both: stairs and a ramp. So everyone can choose the most comfortable way. Pathways should always intuitively lead to the entrance of a venue. An entrance should be clearly visible so that people know where to enter the building. This includes exterior lighting and signage, for example, a sign with the name of the building that help people find their way around. From a Universal Design perspective, everyone should have the same experience, enter a venue via the same path and follow the same way. However, for big venues, accessible outdoor spaces and accessible entrance might pose a serious problem. For disabled people it might not feel comfortable to be in the middle of a group of people. People who have hearing difficulties or wheelchair users might feel trapped in the crowd. This holds especially true for large events and crowded locations. In this case, it is a good idea to designate a special zone for people with disabilities and their families or assistants in the parking area or entrance area. In Belgium, for example, the "Paleis 12" in Brussels is part of a bigger complex. As you can see on the map there is a specific space reserved for parking nearby the entrance. People can directly take the stairs or ramp to get to the entrance. To sum up, the FFZ principle stands for free passage, flat surface and zero barriers.