Types of Verbs

Loading...

來自 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 的課程

Academic Literacy

100 個評分

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Academic Literacy

100 個評分

課程 1（共 5 門，Specialization English for Research Publication Purposes）

This is the first course of the English for Research Publication Purposes Specialization. The course is an introduction to what you need to know about academic discourse. You’ll gain important critical reading skills to help you develop as a self-critical scientific writer. You will learn practical tools and effective strategies for increasing your academic vocabulary and grammar so that you will write well-structured coherent academic texts.

從本節課中

MODULE III : FUNDAMENTALS OF ACADEMIC GRAMMAR

This module covers issues related to the pragmatics of academic English. The module presents an overview of the English verb system, including most frequent tenses, three aspects, and two voices. The module highlights the use of correct punctuality, which is of immense help in meeting the goal of the writing process: to ensure clear communication of ideas. The module also explains the role of modality and register in academic writing. Another important issue discussed in the module is the use of parallel constructions for words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs of an academic text.

Introductory video2:54

Types of Verbs7:49

Verb Complements5:32

與講師見面

Elena Bazanova
Director of the Language Training and Testing Center
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

[MUSIC]

According to the Oxford English Dictionary,

here's the 25 most commonly used verbs in English.

The editors of this dictionary offer these observations.

Strikingly, the 25 most frequent verbs are all one syllable words.

The first two syllable verbs are become, that's the 26th word, and

include, the 27th.

Furthermore, 20 of those 25 are old English words.

And three more, get, see, and

want, entered English from Old Norse in the early Medieval period.

Only try and use came from Old French.

It seems that English prefers concise, ancient words to describe actions and

occurrences.

When we talk about the different kinds of verbs, it generally makes

most sense to defined them by what they do rather than by what they are.

Just as the same word measure or increase, for example, can serve as either a noun or

a verb, the same verb can play a number of different roles depending on the context.

There are three basic types of verbs in the English language, lexical verbs,

finite verbs, auxiliary, and modal verbs.

Lexical verbs can stand alone.

Lexical verbs have meanings denoting actions, events, and states.

Auxiliary verbs, such as be, do, have add extra information to the lexical verb.

For example, auxiliary be is used to Indicate continuous or

progressive aspect and passive voice.

Auxiliary do is used in the creation of interrogative,

negative, and emphatic structures.

Auxiliary have is used to indicate perfect aspect.

Auxiliary verbs are usually followed by a lexical verb as in the previous examples.

Core members of modal verbs are can, could, may, might, shall,

should, will, would, and must.

Modal verbs generally encode meanings connected with degrees of certainty and

degrees of necessity.

A finite verb or a lexical verb is a form of a verb that has a subject and

can function as the base of an independent clause,

which stands alone as a complete sentence.

In many languages finite verbs serve to present grammatical information of person,

number, tense, aspect, mood, and/or voice.

Broadly speaking, finite verb is the verb in a sentence that shows the tense.

Finite verbs have the following grammatical categories,

person, first, second, or third.

For example, I/we, you, second person, he/she/it/they, third person.

Number, for example, they can be singular or plural or dual, tense, for

example, present, past, and future, aspect, simple, perfect, continuous, mood,

indicative, subjunctive, or imperative, and voice, active or passive.

Finite verbs are distinguished from nonfinite verbs such as infinitives,

participles, and gerunds do not indicate person, number, or tense.

The distinction between finite and nonfinite verbs is a very important

one in grammar since it affects how verbs behave in sentences.

And this table shows basic examples for finite and nonfinite verbs.

A non-finite verb is any of several verb forms that are not finite verbs.

That is, they cannot serve as the base of an independent sentence.

Because English, to a large extent, lacks inflectional morphology,

the finite and nonfinite forms of a verb might appear the same in a given context.

In such a case, the environment surrounding the verb must be

examined to determine whether it is finite or nonfinite.

Sentences 2 and 4 each contain one finite verb.

They're underlined, and nonfinite verbs, participle studying, and

infinitive to approach.

In greater detail, we'll speak about nonfinite verbs later in this module.

Most verbs are active verbs.

When an action verb is used, something, the agent, acts upon something,

the goal, sometimes for something else, the participant.

The terms agent, goal, and

recipient describe the function of a word in a sentence.

Most action verbs are transitive and have both an agent and

a goal, although the agent is often omitted in the passive voice.

Very few verbs are truly intransitive, meaning they have no goal and

cannot be followed by a direct object.

Many intransitive verbs also have a transitive form or are used with

a prepositional phrase or adverb that could be considered as indirect object.

The temperature increased.

The verb is intransitive.

This conclusion requires additional consideration.

The verb is transitive because it has an object.

We listened to the interviews, required prepositional phrase, to the interviews.

Let's consider more example.

The experiment started.

The verb is intransitive, it doesn't take an object.

We started the experiment.

In this case the verb is transitive because we started the experiment,

experiment is the object.

There is a difference in meaning between these sentences.

When the verb started is intransitive, we started the experiment,

there is a human agent that causes the experiment, the goal to start.

The experiment appears to start by itself when the verb is intransitive.

The experiment started.

Using a non-human agent can be very useful if you write in a discipline

that discourages the use of personal pronouns our and we.

Reporting verbs describe what people say, think, feel, or want.

Although they're commonly followed by noun phrases,

other complements are possible with certain verbs.

探索我們的目錄

免費加入並獲得個性化推薦、更新和優惠。

Coursera 致力於普及全世界最好的教育，它與全球一流大學和機構合作提供在線課程。

© 2019 Coursera Inc. 保留所有權利。

通過 App Store 下載

通過 Google Play 獲取